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Positive scaling bounds for products transverse at the scaling center
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Choice and Countable Choice. Let be integers, let be distributions on a neighborhood of , already defined at , and let be finite real numbers such that . Here scaling tests may include the origin. Put . Suppose Then is defined on a sufficiently small neighborhood of and The condition is imposed at the scaling center, including the wavefront covectors of the already extended factors there; transversality only on a punctured set is insufficient for this conclusion.
Statement references
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The distributions, nonnegative finite upper bounds and joint no-cancellation hypothesis in the Statement.
Assume the Axiom of Choice The Axiom of Choice and Countable Choice The Axiom of Countable Choice (). The published theorem AC implies DC implies countable choice proves in ZF that AC implies Dependent Choice, so its conclusion supplies the DC hypothesis of the Baire theorem in step 1.1. Countable Choice supplies the Fourier inversion clauses.
Scaling degree and local extension space defines also for distributions defined at the origin.
Fixed support test function spaces are complete and Under Dependent Choice, a nonempty complete metric space is not a countable union of closed sets with empty interior give completeness and the Baire property of each fixed-support smooth test space under [A1].
Local Fourier definition of a wavefront set defines regular cones by rapid decay of localized Fourier transforms; Product and pullback under wavefront transversality gives localization, Fourier convolution, and products under the no-cancellation condition.
Fourier transform of a compactly supported distribution is a smooth polynomially bounded multiplier gives polynomial Fourier bounds and differentiation in frequency for compactly supported distributions.
Fourier transform acts continuously on Schwartz space and Fourier inversion on Schwartz space give the continuous Schwartz Fourier transform and its inverse, used below also by transposition on tempered distributions.
Test function cutoffs and euclidean localization supplies smooth compact cutoffs and smooth partitions subordinate to finite chart covers.
Proof
Given: [A1], [F1]–[F6] and the Statement's hypotheses.
Fix one factor and a positive exponent . Multiply by a compact cutoff equal to one near zero and denote the result by . Multiplication by this cutoff preserves the scaling upper bound: the tests acquire the factor , a bounded smooth family on every fixed compact, and the uniform estimate established next applies to it. For any fixed compact test support , the continuous linear functionals , , are pointwise bounded: convergence at zero follows from [F1], and away from zero the dilation tests vary continuously on compact scale intervals. To justify the uniform estimate without assuming it, apply [F2] first to on a compact containing all small-scale supports. The closed sets cover the fixed-support space. One has interior, so subtracting two elements of that interior and rescaling gives uniformly in , with . The same argument then applies to and to every fixed compact scale interval.
Choose slightly enlarged closed frequency cones around the such that the joint no-cancellation condition still holds for the . This is possible by compactness of tuples with : the set of tuples in is compact there and its sum stays away from zero. If is empty use the empty cone. Closedness of the wavefront set permits localization to a sufficiently small common neighborhood so that all singular directions of each localized lie strictly inside . Choose a smooth Fourier cutoff supported in outside a bounded ball and equal to one around those singular directions at large frequencies. Then is Schwartz. In fact [F3] gives rapid decay on its unbounded support, while each frequency derivative is a localized Fourier transform with a coordinate monomial inserted, so has the same regular-cone bounds by [F3]–[F4]. Bounded frequencies cause no problem. Thus , with Schwartz and the Fourier transform of supported in together with a bounded ball.
The family is uniformly bounded on Schwartz space by one Schwartz seminorm. Indeed, decompose a Schwartz test into a fixed ball and smooth dyadic annuli of radii . On an annulus write with one fixed annular cutoff. Dilation gives If , annuli with give zero, after increasing to accommodate the fixed annular radii. For , step 1.1 on the one fixed annulus bounds this by , where . Choose ; the geometric sum over is finite uniformly in . The fixed ball is controlled by step 1.1. This proves for fixed independent of . By transposition [F5] the Fourier transforms are likewise uniformly tempered.
For , step 2.1 makes uniformly tempered. The Schwartz part is also uniformly tempered, since and each of its derivatives are bounded uniformly for , and its local smooth seminorms tend to zero. Consequently the Fourier family of is uniformly tempered and supported in together with a fixed bounded ball: dilation shrinks that ball in frequency. Let be a closed cone disjoint from a slightly larger cone around , and let be any fixed compact smooth test cutoff. Evaluate the localized Fourier transform by pairing this Fourier family with times a smooth cutoff equal to one on its support. On the unbounded conic support, separation gives for ; on the bounded part use for large . Every Schwartz seminorm of this test kernel is therefore for arbitrary . The uniform tempered bound gives The Schwartz part has the same estimate by integration by parts on the fixed support of . An intermediate exponent between and even makes each displayed seminorm tend to zero. Ordinary weak convergence follows from [F1]. Since near zero, every fixed output localization uses these same dilates for all sufficiently small . This proves the required directional control rather than inferring it from pointwise wavefront inclusion of the rescaled family.
Shrink the cones and localization neighborhoods as in step 1.2, retaining a little angular margin. The product exists there by [F3], iterated over the finitely many factors. For a fixed compactly supported test , its pairing with the product of the localized scaled factors is the absolutely convergent Fourier integral of times the factor transforms. Here is a uniform integrable bound. Compactness of normalized frequency tuples and the joint no-cancellation condition imply that either , or some lies in a regular cone and , for a fixed , apart from bounded frequencies. In the first region the Schwartz decay of controls the total frequency size; in the second region step 3.1 supplies arbitrarily high decay from that factor. All other localized factor transforms have fixed uniform polynomial bounds by step 1.1 and [F4]. Choosing the decay power larger than the total polynomial degree plus gives an integrable majorant independent of . Each localized factor transform tends pointwise to zero by weak convergence. Dominated convergence therefore proves . Dilation commutes with the locally defined product by the pullback formula [F3], so this is precisely the scaling estimate for the product. Let every decrease to to obtain the claimed bound.
Depends on
Scaling degree and local extension space
Local Fourier definition of a wavefront set
Product and pullback under wavefront transversality
Fixed support test function spaces are complete
Under Dependent Choice, a nonempty complete metric space is not a countable union of closed sets with empty interior
Fourier transform of a compactly supported distribution is a smooth polynomially bounded multiplier
Fourier transform acts continuously on Schwartz space
Fourier inversion on Schwartz space
Test function cutoffs and euclidean localization
The Axiom of Choice
The Axiom of Countable Choice ()
AC implies DC implies countable choice