Alphabeta Math
LemmaStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedprecheck passverified 2026-11-05 (gpt-6.1-sol)
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Soft rescaling captures an isolated totally real boundary energy atom

Statement

Assume Countable Choice. Let (X,g) be compact and L⊂X a fixed compact totally real submanifold. On the closed upper half-disk let smooth almost complex families Jn(z,x) converge smoothly locally to J∞, with uniform coefficient bounds, and suppose Jn(s,x)=Jb(x) for real s and x∈L, independent of n,s. Let smooth solutions un:B1+→X of (un)s+Jn(z,un)(un)t=0, smooth up to the straight boundary with values there on L, have uniformly bounded energy and converge smoothly locally off 0, including boundary points, to a solution u smoothly filled at 0. Suppose concentric half-disk energies have limits with positive atom mass m at 0.

There is a uniform h>0 such that m≥h and, after a subsequence, real centers an→0, positive scales ρn→0, an autonomous J∞(0,x)-holomorphic disk v with boundary on L, and finitely many child atoms Z⊂H‾ have these properties. The rescaled maps vn(w)=un(an+ρnw) converge smoothly locally off Z to v, on the upper half-plane including its straight boundary. Moreover lim⁡R→∞lim⁡nEg(vn;BR+)=m=Eg(v)+∑z∈Zmz,v(∞)=u(0). Every child has mass at least h. Boundary children satisfy mz≤m−h; interior children satisfy mz≤m. If v is constant then ∣Z∩R∣+2∣Z∩H∣≥2. Thus the constant disk is stable after including its parent boundary node at infinity. The connecting half-annuli have vanishing energy and image diameter. The same h works for descendants. These conclusions constitute one actual boundary soft-rescaling step.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The actual smooth maps, compact boundary geometry, fixed boundary structures, coefficient convergence, filled base, and isolated positive mass in the statement.

[F1]

The local proof of Smooth strip convergence outside finitely many energy concentration points gives smooth subsequences off finitely many genuine concentration points on disks and half-disks with these fixed boundary structures. Its actual bootstrap includes boundary derivatives.

[F2]

Derivative concentration produces a finite-energy plane or half-plane bubble proves local normalized blowup to an autonomous plane or half-plane map with positive energy. Finite-energy interior and totally real boundary puncture removability fills finite and infinite punctures of these actual finite-energy maps to spheres or disks.

[F3]

Small local energy forces cylinder neck collapse gives energy and image-diameter collapse for actual half-cylinder necks with both edges on L and the fixed Jb stipulated here.

[F4]

The interior local rescaling, mass and quantum arguments are fully proved in Soft rescaling captures an isolated interior energy atom.

Proof

1.1F2F3F4givenconstructalgebra

Fix a uniform quantum h0>0 for the normalized plane and half-plane bubbles of [F2]. Every nonconstant autonomous disk or sphere for these limiting structures also has energy bounded below uniformly: in its plane or half-plane parametrization choose a finite point with nonzero derivative and translate and dilate to make its norm one, preserving the half-plane when necessary. If that point is farther than a fixed small distance from the boundary use the interior epsilon estimate; otherwise use the boundary half-radius estimate. Either the relevant small-energy threshold fails, giving a positive energy bound already, or its derivative estimate gives one. This is the same actual lower-bound argument in [F2], and needs no assumed global gradient bound. Decrease h0 to cover these cases. Fix h≤h0 smaller than one eighth of the boundary neck threshold in [F3]. All constants are uniform under the compact coefficient bounds.

1.2givenconstructalgebra

Put M(r)=lim⁡nEg(un;Br+). Annular smooth convergence and the smooth filling of u give, exactly by subtracting two radii and shrinking the inner one, M(r)=m+Eg(u;Br+). This is continuous in r. For any real centers an→0, inclusions between half-disks of radii r±ϵ then give lim⁡nEg(un;Br+(an))=m+Eg(u;Br+). Moving half-annuli of fixed positive radii likewise converge in energy to the corresponding base half-annuli. Any shrinking half-neighborhood has energy limsup at most m by containment in arbitrarily small fixed half-disks.

2.1F1F2step 1.1step 1.2constructalgebra

Maximize ∣dun∣g on the closed half-disk of radius 1/2, writing its maximum Mn and a maximizing point zn=xn+iyn. The positive atom forces Mn→∞ after a subsequence; otherwise uniform gradient bounds and [F1] would give smooth convergence across zero and no atom. Smooth convergence off zero gives zn→0. The normalized local blowup construction of [F2] then produces a nonconstant autonomous plane or half-plane bubble of energy at least h, and at most m by step 1.2. Hence m≥h. Set an=xn∈R; these are the boundary centers used from now on.

3.1step 1.1step 1.2step 2.1constructalgebra

Let μ=m−h/2>0. Choose the smallest radius ρn with Eg(un;Bρn+(an))=μ. It exists for large n by the continuous radius-energy function, which begins at zero and exceeds μ at every small fixed radius eventually by step 1.2. The first solution is attained and ρn→0, without a uniqueness claim. The maps vn(w)=un(an+ρnw) are defined on an exhaustion of the upper half-plane; their source coefficients converge smoothly locally to J∞(0,x), and their boundary structure is exactly Jb. Their unit half-disk energy is exactly μ.

4.1F1step 3.1constructalgebra

Apply [F1] on a countable exhaustion of the closed half-plane by disks and half-disks. Countable energy limits and disjoint neighborhoods bound the number of concentration points by the global energy bound divided by the epsilon threshold. Outside them actual epsilon estimates, target compactness, and the local higher bootstrap give a smooth diagonal limit, including boundary derivatives. Remove exceptional points at which some further subsequence has bounded gradients on a neighborhood, at most finitely many times. Thus there is a finite genuine concentration set Z⊂H‾ and vn→v smoothly off it. Extract energy limits on small countably many radii about each point and on exhaustion half-disks.

4.2F3step 1.2step 3.1constructalgebra

No energy escapes at infinity in this rescaling. For small fixed d>0, the half-annulus ρn<∣z−an∣<d has limiting energy h/2+Eg(u;Bd+), below the neck threshold after reducing d. The holomorphic coordinate z=an+eσ+iτ makes it a half-cylinder with 0≤τ≤π, both physical edges on L, boundary structure Jb, and explicit source coefficient derivatives bounded by Cd. Every cylindrical patch has energy at most the total half-annulus energy. Thus [F3], applied with unit buffers at the radial ends, gives for fixed R≥e2 and all large n Eg(un;Bd/R+(an)∖BRρn+(an))≤CR−c,diam⁡gun(Bd/R+(an)∖BRρn+(an)‾)≤CR−c/2. Constants are independent of d,R,n in the stated ranges. The small source-variation condition follows from the factor ∣z−an∣≤d in every cylindrical source derivative and the original uniform smooth bounds.

5.1F2step 1.1step 1.2step 4.1constructalgebra

Every child atom mz is at least h: normalize a gradient blowup in a small neighborhood of that point by [F2], obtaining a plane or half-plane bubble of energy at least h and at most that mass by containment and annular energy differences. The limit v has finite energy by exhaustion. By [F2] it fills across every finite interior or boundary puncture and across infinity to a smooth autonomous disk with boundary on L. Its coefficient is J∞(0,x). Smooth annular convergence and the filled map show that child disk or half-disk energy limits extend from rational to every small radius and equal mz plus the filled limit's energy.

6.1step 1.2step 4.1step 5.1step 4.2algebra

Subtract the moving fixed half-annulus between radii d/R and d in step 1.2 from the total half-disk. Step 4.2 yields m−CR−c≤lim inf⁡nEg(vn;BR+)≤lim sup⁡nEg(vn;BR+)≤m+Eg(u;Bd+). Let d↓0 and then R→∞. A countable radius extraction and monotone sandwiches provide the inner limits at other radii; the only remaining possibly exceptional radii are the finitely many ∣z∣, z∈Z, whose bounded energy sequences can also be extracted. Therefore lim⁡R→∞lim⁡nEg(vn;BR+)=m. Partitioning a large half-disk into small disjoint disks about interior points of Z, half-disks about boundary points, and their complement, then using smooth convergence and shrinking those neighborhoods gives Eg(v)+∑z∈Zmz=m. The partitions are finite, so no uncontrolled infinite-sum limit is used.

6.2step 5.1step 4.2algebra

The same diameter estimate proves v(∞)=u(0). Choose large R with the boundary point R outside Z and compare the two points an+d/R and an+Rρn on the closed half-annulus. Smooth boundary convergence gives dg(u(d/R),v(R))≤CR−c/2. Let d↓0 and then R→∞, using the smooth base filling and disk filling at infinity from step 5.1. Thus the parent and rescaled disk meet at the same point of L. The estimates of step 4.2 give precisely the claimed vanishing neck energy and image diameter.

7.1F1F2step 2.1step 4.1step 6.1constructalgebra

It remains to check disk stability; a constant disk may have a single interior child, which must not be excluded. Suppose v is constant. Then Z is nonempty by step 6.1, and a genuine child supplies points with ∣dvn∣→∞. Since the original gradient maximum is Mn, it follows that Mnρn→∞ after a subsequence. Its maximizing point in the rescaled coordinates is qn=iyn/ρn. We show these heights cannot tend to infinity. If they did, then Mnyn=(Mnρn)(yn/ρn)→∞. The maps w↦un(zn+w/Mn) would be defined on expanding full disks, with derivative norm at most one everywhere there and equal to one at zero. Indeed their distance from the physical boundary is Mnyn→∞, and their distance from the outer half-disk boundary also tends to infinity. By [F1] and [F2] they have a nonconstant plane limit of energy at least h. A fixed large disk of that normalized bubble has energy greater than h/2 for all large n. In the vn coordinates it lies outside every fixed BA+, because its center height tends to infinity and its radius is O((Mnρn)−1)→0.

8.1step 1.2step 6.1step 7.1algebra

This contradicts the capture identity in step 6.1. More explicitly choose A so that lim⁡nEg(vn;BA+)>m−h/8, then choose a fixed original d so small that Eg(u;Bd+)<h/8. For large n, the escaping normalized bubble disk lies in Bd+(an)∖BAρn+(an), whose energy limsup is less than h/4 by step 1.2, contrary to its energy greater than h/2. Hence a subsequence has qn→iH with finite H≥0. The diverging gradient at qn and smooth convergence off Z imply iH∈Z.

9.1step 1.1step 3.1step 5.1step 6.1step 8.1algebra

If the constant disk had just one boundary child and no interior children, then iH from step 8.1 would be that real child and thus would equal zero. Its mass is at most μ, since Eg(vn;B1+)=μ. But step 6.1 would give its mass equal to m>μ, a contradiction. Therefore a constant disk either has an interior child or at least two boundary children, proving ∣Z∩R∣+2∣Z∩H∣≥2. For a nonconstant disk its energy is at least h by step 1.1, so all child masses are at most m−h. For a constant disk with any boundary child there must be at least one other child, unless the excluded configuration occurs; the other's mass is at least h, giving that boundary child's mass at most m−h. Every interior child is at most m by step 6.1. This proves all mass and stability assertions.

10.1step 1.1step 3.1step 4.1step 9.1construct∎

Subsequent rescalings retain the same fixed boundary structure and autonomous limits among the compact target structures. Their explicit source derivatives decrease, so the same smaller h works for every descendant. All selections involved finite maxima, first attained radius solutions, and countable subsequences and diagonals. Thus the construction uses only Countable Choice and completes the stated actual boundary soft-rescaling step.

Depends on

Dependency tree · 2 levels

Sources