How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
RN horizon and escape deductions for specified model
Conditional geometric and causal deductions on the specified smooth ingoing RN model with M>0 and real length flux parameters. It covers charged subextremal/extremal roots, the uncharged simple root, and the superextremal no-root branch. Escape means only the explicitly defined finite piecewise C1 causal-path observable on this product model; no conformal infinity, maximal-extension, formation, uniqueness, censorship, observation, or empirical-validity claim is made.
Statement
Let , , and be the SI mass, electric-charge, and magnetic-flux inputs of Dyonic RN as adopted Einstein–Maxwell model. Put , , , , and . Use the selected ingoing product and its metric, field, and future orientation from Selected ingoing RN extension and time orientation.
For and , let . Each positive root is a regular null hypersurface and a Killing horizon generated by , with the convention
Thus at extremality and has unit m; the associated SI acceleration convention is . At a simple outer root, , the selected ingoing extension has a local bifurcation chart with dimensionless coordinates satisfying and an auxiliary coordinate length . At extremality the ingoing chart is regular but this simple-root chart is not asserted.
Use the exact path and relative-boundary convention of Causal solutions, Killing horizons, escape and metric extensions: the path is continuous, future causal, and piecewise with a finite subdivision on each compact parameter segment; one such path must reach arbitrarily large .
Define on this product to be the set of points from which a future piecewise causal path has unbounded radial coordinate. Conditional on the exact draft mathematical interface of Outer RN escape boundary in selected model, for and ,
For , the only positive root is , it is a regular simple crossing with , and the same explicit escape observable has boundary . For , there is no positive root and every point of belongs to . These are statements about the selected metric and escape observable, not an event-horizon assertion requiring a conformal completion.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: , the real length parameters , the smooth ingoing RN datum, its selected future orientation, and the escape observable stated above.
Selected ingoing RN extension and time orientation: , , , and , are future null with .
Dyonic RN as adopted Einstein–Maxwell model: on every positive-radius static domain with , the SI-rescaled dyonic RN datum is a conditional solution of the zero-source, equation-based Einstein–Maxwell model.
Regular RN crossings and local bifurcation extension: for , , and , the charged RN ingoing block is regular at the roots; for a simple outer root, its current Statement gives a smooth local bifurcation chart with and fixed auxiliary length . Its current Step-1 record is authoring-ready, but its mathematical proof remains draft and is not independently accepted; its field-equation continuation is used only conditionally.
Outer RN escape boundary in selected model: for , , and , its exact current Statement gives and for the observable in [L3]. Its current dependencies and proof were checked against [L3]; the theorem is draft content with authoring readiness, not independent proof acceptance.
Causal solutions, Killing horizons, escape and metric extensions: with and radius map , the selected escape set uses the path class stated in the Statement and its boundary is relative to . The current item is placed on batch-6 page emg-cp01 and has a ready Step-1 authoring record; its proof remains draft and is not independent approval.
Choice-free smooth inverse function theorem in Euclidean space: for , an open , a smooth map , and , if is invertible, then restricts to a diffeomorphism between open neighborhoods of and , with smooth inverse. In dimension one, is multiplication by , so invertibility is equivalent to .
Selected ingoing RN extension and time orientation: the selected time orientation is fixed by , with ; the sphere tangent space is orthogonal to and has positive metric . Future timelike vectors lie in the timelike component containing , and future causal vectors are nonzero vectors in its closure under the selected cone convention. By Timelike, null, spacelike and causal vectors of a Lorentz vector space, causality means and ; the zero vector belongs to the cone closure but is not causal.
The physical model is the source-free equation-based RN specialization with , , and , as in [F2]. The omitted set is not included as a source point.
The Axiom of Countable Choice (): the geometric parameter and horizon suppliers carry only , meaning every specified countable family of nonempty sets has a choice function. No new choice is made in this finite root, chart, or causal-path calculation, and no full AC is used.
Proof
If and , the quadratic numerator factors as ; both roots are positive because and . If , then and its only positive root is . If , then for every , so there is no positive root.
The inverse of the block in [F1] is , so . The vector is Killing because the metric coefficients do not depend on , and equals at a root. Therefore each root is null and is its null normal. Since , there. For two distinct roots, differentiating gives ; at this derivative is zero. For , and . The product definition [F1] keeps the metric nondegenerate at each root.
For and , [L1] gives the claimed root crossing and, when , the local bifurcation chart. If , [L1] gives the regular ingoing crossing but explicitly does not assert that simple-root chart. For , put , , and write with and . Then so this difference extends smoothly across . Integrate it to with , and define . Then and differentiation gives on both sides and at the root. By [F3], shrink the radial interval so and has a smooth local inverse about zero. On the selected ingoing model define Thus , with for and for , and the Jacobian is across the root. The inverse is and on . Differentiating gives and . Substitution in the original ingoing block cancels its coefficient by , leaving This coefficient is smooth and nonzero, and the sphere term is . Choose so these formulas are defined with on . They give a smooth Lorentzian metric on the full rectangle times , agreeing with the selected ingoing metric on its entire half, including both and . Glue that half to its old coordinate preimage. Any overlap sequence tending to a new point on has , so cannot approach a finite old point; the other rectangle edges are not new points. This gives a Hausdorff local extension. The field is zero in this uncharged case. The old Killing field becomes ; it extends smoothly, preserves the displayed metric, is null and normal on either axis away from their intersection, and vanishes on the spacelike sphere . Thus this is the required two-sided local bifurcation chart.
For and , apply [L2] using the exact observable [L3]. Its current Definition and manifest placement now exist and were checked against this use; the escape conclusion remains conditional on the current draft mathematical proof, with no maximal-extension or conformal-completion inference.
If , then by step 1.1 and the future null field of [F1] satisfies . For any starting , the function is smooth and strictly increasing on ; since , and the corresponding integral curve reaches arbitrarily large . Hence every point belongs to .
If , then below , at , and above. The product splitting in [F1] gives a unique decomposition of every tangent as with tangent to the sphere. Since the sphere term is orthogonal to and positive, causality gives and hence . The timelike condition is , so a timelike vector has and its coefficients have the same nonzero sign. Each of the two sign branches is connected: scale to zero within the timelike cone and then vary the positive (respectively negative) coefficients while keeping them equal. Since has coefficients , the selected future timelike component is the positive branch. Every future causal vector lies in its closure, so . Therefore for . On a collar of , put ; for nonzero future causal , after shrinking the collar so . Smoothness and give with there, hence . On each path piece in the collar we may use as parameter. If , then obeys , so and for every finite ; a path starting below the root cannot reach it. If a path starts at the root, obeys almost everywhere on the collar: for this is the displayed cone bound, for its derivative is zero, and on the root the cone bound gives . Thus and forces , so no outward excursion starts at the root. The same estimates apply across finitely many piece joins by continuity. Every point with escapes along the future null field , because and . Thus the uncharged escape boundary is .
Steps 1.1-2.5 prove the stated geometric roots, signed surface-gravity convention, regular-crossing cases, and selected escape conclusions on the chosen product, conditional on the exact current draft mathematical interfaces [L1]-[L3] and on the equation-based physical-model input [F2]. Their authoring-ready records do not constitute independent proof acceptance. The inherited premise [A2] is stated without invoking full choice; no event-horizon, maximal-extension, or empirical claim follows.
Depends on
Dyonic RN as adopted Einstein–Maxwell model
Selected ingoing RN extension and time orientation
Regular RN crossings and local bifurcation extension
Outer RN escape boundary in selected model
Choice-free smooth inverse function theorem in Euclidean space
Timelike, null, spacelike and causal vectors of a Lorentz vector space
Causal solutions, Killing horizons, escape and metric extensions
The Axiom of Countable Choice ()