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Physical KN family work and constancy

Physical scope

The subextremal, zero-magnetic-flux, selected smooth Kerr–Newman solution family with its stated asymptotic time and displayed electromagnetic gauge references. The work identity is a differential identity on family parameters, not a dynamical-process law or an ADM/Komar identification.

Statement

Fix GN,c,μ0>0 and ε0=(μ0c2)−1. Let m∗>0 be the selected SI mass parameter, J∈R the selected angular-momentum parameter, and Qe∈R the selected electric charge parameter, with zero magnetic flux. Define the geometric length parameters and field normalization by m:=GNm∗c2,a:=Jm∗c,q:=GN4πε0c4 Qe,α:=4πGNμ0c4. Assume the strict subextremal condition m2>a2+q2. Set s:=m2−a2−q2,r+:=m+s,D:=r+2+a2,AH:=4πD. Assume ACω as defined in The Axiom of Countable Choice (ACω), the choice convention inherited by the selected geometric flux parametrization; no full Axiom of Choice is used. In the selected smooth ingoing KN model, the outer Killing horizon has generator χ:=∂v+aDΨ, where v is a length coordinate and Ψ=X∂Y−Y∂X is the smooth rotation field of the unit two-sphere. Normalize time by t=v/c, and define ΩSI:=caD,κacc:=c2sD,ΦSI:=cqr+αD. Thus cχ=∂t+ΩSIΨ; κacc is the acceleration-unit surface gravity; and ΦSI is the voltage in the displayed gauge, constant on the horizon cross-section and vanishing at spatial infinity. The quantities ΩSI, κacc, and ΦSI are constant on each fixed cross-section because the selected horizon formulas depend only on the family parameters. Let Epar:=m∗c2 be the energy-valued parameter derived from the selected mass input. For ordinary differentials on the strict physical parameter domain, with GN,c,μ0 fixed, the exact family identities are dEpar=κaccc28πGN dAH+ΩSI dJ+ΦSI dQe, and Epar=κaccc24πGNAH+2ΩSIJ+ΦSIQe. The quantities have units [Epar]=J, [AH]=m2, [κacc]=m s−2, [ΩSI]=s−1, and [ΦSI]=V. The joint Schwarzschild point J=Qe=0 is included by the separate exact Schwarzschild horizon-data supplier; the generic physical horizon theorem itself states a nonzero-rotation-or-charge hypothesis.

These identities concern the selected stationary family and its stated normalizations. They are not a dynamical-process first law, and Epar is not identified here with ADM or Komar gravitational energy. No operational temperature, physical entropy, Hawking calibration, or extremal-boundary claim follows from this calculation.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: Fixed positive SI constants, a zero-magnetic-flux selected KN family with m∗>0, and m2>a2+q2.

[F1]

SI and geometric solution parameter identifications: m=GNm∗/c2 and a=J/(m∗c). These are length-valued model parameters; this map makes no ADM or Komar identification.

[F2]

Thermodynamics-GR fields, currents, reference normalization and units: length coordinates use x0=ct; c has units m s−1, GN has units m3 kg−1 s−2, and a length-normalized Killing generator is distinct from its time-normalized version.

[F3]

Verified rotating electric KN physical model: for the stated SI inputs and zero magnetic flux, the selected KN data conditionally solve the equation-based Λ=0, zero-current, zero-matter-stress model on its stated regular domains. This physical theorem's proof is conditional on its exact current mathematical supplier statements.

[F4]

Regular ingoing KN metric, field and sphere axes: the selected ingoing product model has smooth metric and potential data across every positive root; its geometric electrovac equations extend there conditionally on the current verification interface.

[L1]

Rotating model horizons and selected causal escape: for m2≥a2+q2>0, the selected outer KN horizon has area 4π(r+2+a2), geometric angular velocity a/(r+2+a2), geometric surface gravity s/(r+2+a2), and displayed-gauge geometric potential qr+/(r+2+a2). Its SI conversion uses c for angular rate, c2 for acceleration surface gravity, and c/α for voltage; the potential tends to zero at spatial infinity. The current proof remains draft and is used only at its exact interface.

[F5]

Verified Kerr-Newman family first law and Smarr identity: on P={(m,a,q):m>0, m2>a2+q2}, with j=ma, A=4π(r+2+a2), κKN=s/D, ΩKN=a/D, and ΦKN=qr+/D, the exact identities are dm=(κKN/8π)dA+ΩKNdj+ΦKNdq and m=κKNA/(4π)+2ΩKNj+ΦKNq. This is a proved mathematical family identity, not a physical process statement.

[F6]

Exact Schwarzschild horizon data at the zero-rotation KN point: at a=q=0, the exact selected ingoing metric has a future Killing horizon at r+=2m, area 16πm2, geometric surface gravity 1/(4m), and zero angular velocity and potential. This covers the point excluded by the nonzero hypothesis in [L1].

[F7]

The Axiom of Countable Choice (ACω): ACω means every countable family of nonempty sets has a choice function. It is inherited from the geometric flux convention in [F1]; no stronger choice principle is used.

[F8]

SI and geometric solution parameter identifications: at zero magnetic flux, q=GN/(4πε0c4)Qe, α=4πGN/(μ0c4), and ε0μ0c2=1.

[A1]

GN,c,μ0 are positive constants held fixed while the family parameters vary; ε0=(μ0c2)−1; magnetic flux is zero; the strict inequality m2>a2+q2 excludes extremality.

Proof

1.1givenF1F3F4L1F5F6F7F8A1algebra

The parameter map [F1], [F8], under the inherited ACω convention [F7], sends every stated SI triple to a point (m,a,q)∈P and makes the full domain strict subextremal. When a2+q2>0, [L1] supplies the selected outer horizon, its constant cross-section data, and the stated time and gauge normalizations. At the remaining point a=q=0, [F6] supplies the exact Schwarzschild horizon data; [F3]–[F4] keep this specialization within the selected physical solution family and its smooth ingoing model. Hence the geometric quantities used in [F5] coincide with the selected model's horizon quantities throughout the stated physical domain.

1.2F1F2F8L1F5A1algebra

Write j:=ma. From [F1], [F8], Epar=c4GNm,j=GNc3J,q=GN4πε0c4 Qe. The horizon formulas give ΩSI=cΩKN and κacc=c2κKN. For the voltage, cα=cμ0c44πGN=c24πε0GN, where the last equality uses ε0μ0c2=1 from [F8]. Thus ΦSI=(c2/4πε0GN)ΦKN, and the area AH is the same A as in [F5].

2.1F1F5F8A1step 1.2algebra

Multiply the first identity in [F5] by c4/GN. The dm term becomes dEpar; the area term becomes κaccc2dAH/(8πGN); and the angular term becomes ΩSIdJ by [F1] and step 1.2. The charge term becomes c4GNΦKN dq=c24πε0GNΦKN dQe=ΦSI dQe, using fixed constants and step 1.2. This proves the physical-unit family differential identity.

3.1F1F5A1step 1.2algebra∎

Multiply the Smarr identity in [F5] by c4/GN. Applying the same constant conversions from step 1.2 sends its four terms respectively to Epar, κaccc2AH/(4πGN), 2ΩSIJ, and ΦSIQe. This proves the displayed Smarr identity on the same strict domain. These are identities between stationary family parameters, not a time-dependent process or an ADM/Komar energy theorem.

Remarks

The explicit zero-spin, zero-charge case uses [F6] because the generic physical horizon interface [L1] assumes a2+q2>0. The strict family excludes the extremal boundary, where s=0; no positive-temperature division or thermodynamic interpretation is made.

Depends on

Dependency tree · 2 levels

Sources