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Local existence of Sobolev and classical solutions of a periodic symmetric hyperbolic system, uniform on bounded H^s data
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Countable Choice (The Axiom of Countable Choice ()). Let be an integer, let be a periodic symmetric hyperbolic coefficient family on the open set (Periodic first-order symmetric hyperbolic systems: coefficients, admissible values, data classes and solutions) and let be compact, and let be compact with contained in the interior of . Then for every there are a time and a constant (depending on and on ) such that:
for every taking values in with there is a Sobolev solution of with which is classical and satisfies and whose values lie in .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Countable Choice, integer , coefficient family on the open time interval , the compact sets , and .
An admissible datum has a unique smooth ODE solution; bounded norm and compact values prevent endpoints inside (The Galerkin system is a smooth finite-dimensional ODE: local existence, smooth dependence and the continuation criterion).
On a compact time slab, compact value set and norm ball, and uniformly in (Equivalence of the weighted Galerkin energy with the H^s norm and its Gronwall inequality).
Bounded Galerkin sequences are locally uniformly precompact in (Compactness of H^r-bounded families in H^{r-1} and locally uniform H^{s-1} subsequences of Galerkin solutions).
Such convergent sequences give classical Sobolev solutions with the stated bounds and closed value sets (A limit of Galerkin solutions is a Sobolev and then a classical solution of the symmetric hyperbolic system).
controls , projections contract in , and (Periodic Sobolev embedding: H^s on the three-torus controls C^m when s minus m exceeds three halves, The Galerkin projection is self-adjoint, commutes with derivatives, is a contraction in every H^r, converges to the identity and has the sharp Fourier-tail bound).
Proof
(Uniformly admissible projected data.) If the stated data class is empty, choose any positive with inside and any ; all quantified conclusions are vacuous. Otherwise is nonempty. Choose with and with the closed -neighborhood of contained in . Let be the closed -neighborhood of , a compact subset of . The tail and embedding estimates give . Choose so the right side is less than for every . Thus takes values in the closed -neighborhood of , hence in , and . Only this cofinal family of admissible projections is used.
(Strict bootstrap constants.) On choose positive energy-equivalence constants before choosing the norm radius. Choose with . Obtain for value set and norm ball of radius . Choose with and . Every constant is fixed before choosing , and the energy inequality already has a strict margin at .
(Uniform existence by first exit.) For solve the admissible ODE from . On the connected component containing of times with values in and , the absolute energy inequality gives . The derivative and embedding bounds give . Step 1.1 therefore places all values in the closed -neighborhood of , a compact subset of . These strict margins exclude a first exit before in either direction. For each fixed the norm and value bounds give a compact coordinate trajectory inside the ODE domain; since , continuation excludes a maximal endpoint before . Thus every exists on with values in , norm at most and time derivative norm at most .
(Extraction and passage to the limit.) Apply compactness to ; its proof uses only boundedness and equicontinuity, so this relabeling gives indices and locally uniform convergence to . The limit lemma gives the asserted classical Sobolev solution with datum , values in , and bounds and , where cover its Fourier norm-equivalence factors. Choose to dominate these two constants divided by . This proves the statement.
Depends on
The 2 pi-periodic three-torus, its normalized measure, test functions and the Sobolev spaces H^s
Periodic first-order symmetric hyperbolic systems: coefficients, admissible values, data classes and solutions
Fourier modes on the periodic three-torus and the Galerkin projection P_N
The Galerkin system is a smooth finite-dimensional ODE: local existence, smooth dependence and the continuation criterion
Equivalence of the weighted Galerkin energy with the H^s norm and its Gronwall inequality
Uniform time-derivative bounds for Galerkin solutions in every H^j, j at most s minus one
Compactness of H^r-bounded families in H^{r-1} and locally uniform H^{s-1} subsequences of Galerkin solutions
A limit of Galerkin solutions is a Sobolev and then a classical solution of the symmetric hyperbolic system
The Galerkin projection is self-adjoint, commutes with derivatives, is a contraction in every H^r, converges to the identity and has the sharp Fourier-tail bound
Periodic Sobolev embedding: H^s on the three-torus controls C^m when s minus m exceeds three halves
The Axiom of Countable Choice ()
Dependency tree · 2 levels
Sources
- H. Friedrich and A. D. Rendall, The Cauchy Problem for the Einstein Equations, Living Reviews in Relativity 3 (2000), article 1 (arXiv:gr-qc/0002074), Section 3.1 (Symmetric Hyperbolic Systems): the definition of a quasilinear symmetric hyperbolic system, the finite-dimensional mollifier approximation (3.1) solved by ODE theory, the energy and Moser product/composition estimates, the higher-order energy inequality, uniqueness, the Rellich/Ascoli compactness step and the passage to a classical solution, with Remarks 1-6 on smooth persistence, the continuation criterion, Cauchy stability and the non-identity time matrix
- J. K. Hunter, Notes on Partial Differential Equations (UC Davis lecture notes), Chapter 7 (Hyperbolic Equations): the wave equation, weak solutions, existence, continuity and uniqueness