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Local existence of Sobolev and classical solutions of a periodic symmetric hyperbolic system, uniform on bounded H^s data

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Countable Choice ACω (The Axiom of Countable Choice (ACω)). Let s≥5 be an integer, let Aμ,B be a periodic symmetric hyperbolic coefficient family on the open set O⊆Rm (Periodic first-order symmetric hyperbolic systems: coefficients, admissible values, data classes and solutions) and let K⊆O be compact, and let K′⊆O be compact with K contained in the interior of K′. Then for every R≥0 there are a time T>0 and a constant C (depending on Aμ,B,K,K′,s and on R) such that:

for every u0∈Hs(T2π3;Rm) taking values in K with ∥u0∥Hs≤R there is a Sobolev solution u:(−T,T)→Hs(T2π3;Rm) of (⋆) with u(0)=u0 which is classical and satisfies u∈L∞((−T,T);Hs)∩C0((−T,T);Hs−1),∂tu∈L∞((−T,T);Hs−1), sup⁡∣t∣<T∥u(t)∥Hs≤C(1+R),sup⁡∣t∣<T∥∂tu(t)∥Hs−1≤C(1+R), and whose values lie in K′.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: Countable Choice, integer s≥5, coefficient family on the open time interval I∋0, the compact sets K⊆int⁡K′⊆O, and R≥0.

[L1]

An admissible XN datum has a unique smooth ODE solution; bounded norm and compact values prevent endpoints inside I (The Galerkin system is a smooth finite-dimensional ODE: local existence, smooth dependence and the continuation criterion).

[L2]

On a compact time slab, compact value set and norm ball, a∥uN∥Hs2≤eN≤b∥uN∥Hs2 and ∣eN′∣≤C1(1+eN) uniformly in N (Equivalence of the weighted Galerkin energy with the H^s norm and its Gronwall inequality).

[L3]

∥∂tuN∥Hs−1≤C2(1+∥uN∥Hs) uniformly in N (Uniform time-derivative bounds for Galerkin solutions in every H^j, j at most s minus one).

[L4]

Bounded Galerkin sequences are locally uniformly precompact in Hs−1 (Compactness of H^r-bounded families in H^{r-1} and locally uniform H^{s-1} subsequences of Galerkin solutions).

[L5]

Such convergent sequences give classical Sobolev solutions with the stated bounds and closed value sets (A limit of Galerkin solutions is a Sobolev and then a classical solution of the symmetric hyperbolic system).

Proof

technique · constructive
1.1L1L6choose

(Uniformly admissible projected data.) If the stated data class is empty, choose any positive T with [−T,T] inside I and any C>0; all quantified conclusions are vacuous. Otherwise K is nonempty. Choose τ>0 with [−τ,τ]⊆I and δ>0 with the closed 3δ-neighborhood of K contained in int⁡K′. Let Q be the closed 2δ-neighborhood of K, a compact subset of int⁡K′. The tail and embedding estimates give ∥PNu0−u0∥C0≤CembCs(1+N2)−1/2R. Choose N0 so the right side is less than δ for every N≥N0. Thus PNu0 takes values in the closed δ-neighborhood of K, hence in Q⊆O, and ∥PNu0∥Hs≤R. Only this cofinal family of admissible projections is used.

1.2L2L3L6choose

(Strict bootstrap constants.) On [−τ,τ]×T3×Q choose positive energy-equivalence constants a,b before choosing the norm radius. Choose R1>R with aR12>2(1+bR2). Obtain C1,C2 for value set Q and norm ball of radius R1. Choose 0<T<τ with (1+bR2)eC1T<aR12 and TCembC2(1+R1)<δ/2. Every constant is fixed before choosing T, and the energy inequality already has a strict margin at T=0.

2.1step 1.1step 1.2L1L2L3L6

(Uniform existence by first exit.) For N≥N0 solve the admissible ODE from PNu0. On the connected component containing 0 of times with values in int⁡Q and ∥uN∥Hs<R1, the absolute energy inequality gives 1+eN(t)≤(1+eN(0))eC1∣t∣≤(1+bR2)eC1T<aR12. The derivative and embedding bounds give ∥uN(t)−PNu0∥C0<δ/2. Step 1.1 therefore places all values in the closed 3δ/2-neighborhood of K, a compact subset of int⁡Q. These strict margins exclude a first exit before T in either direction. For each fixed N the norm and value bounds give a compact coordinate trajectory inside the ODE domain; since [−T,T]⊆I, continuation excludes a maximal endpoint before T. Thus every N≥N0 exists on (−T,T) with values in Q⊆K′, norm at most R1 and time derivative norm at most C2(1+R1).

3.1step 2.1L4L5constructdischarge-construct∎

(Extraction and passage to the limit.) Apply compactness to N=N0,N0+1,…; its proof uses only boundedness and equicontinuity, so this relabeling gives indices Nj→∞ and locally uniform Hs−1 convergence to u. The limit lemma gives the asserted classical Sobolev solution with datum u0, values in Q⊆K′, and bounds ∥u∥L∞Hs≤CsR1 and ∥∂tu∥L∞Hs−1≤ClimC2(1+R1), where Cs,Clim cover its Fourier norm-equivalence factors. Choose C to dominate these two constants divided by 1+R. This proves the statement.

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