Alphabeta Math

The Total Derivative in Rm→Rn

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✓ 4 results · all verified · 0 also independently AI-judged
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1 · Prerequisites
2 · Logical flowchart

3 · Items

Definition

A linear map L:ℝᵐ→ℝⁿ in Euclidean coordinates

Lemma

Every Euclidean linear map has a unique matrix and satisfies ‖Lh‖₂≤ K‖h‖₂ for some K≥0

Definition

A convex subset of ℝᵐ contains every line segment between two of its points

Definition

Directional derivatives and partial derivatives of a map U⊆ℝᵐ→ℝⁿ

Definition

The total (Fréchet) derivative Df(a) as the linear first-order approximation with o(‖h‖₂) remainder

Lemma

The total derivative at a point is unique

Theorem

Total differentiability gives a local O(‖h‖₂) increment bound and therefore continuity

Definition

The Jacobian matrix of partial derivatives and the gradient in the scalar-valued case

Theorem

A total derivative computes every directional derivative, and its matrix is the Jacobian

Theorem

For a differentiable scalar field, Dᵥf(a)=⟨∇ f(a),v⟩ and the unit direction of steepest ascent is the normalized gradient

Theorem

Sums and scalar multiples of totally differentiable maps are totally differentiable with the expected derivatives

Theorem

The chain rule for total derivatives: D(g∘ f)(a)=Dg(f(a))∘ Df(a)

Lemma

Small coordinate-by-coordinate increments stay inside a Euclidean ball and telescope the total increment

Theorem

If all partial derivatives exist on a neighbourhood and are continuous at a point, then the map is totally differentiable there with Jacobian derivative

Theorem

On a convex open set, a uniform bound ‖Df(z)v‖₂≤ M‖v‖₂ implies ‖f(y)-f(x)‖₂≤ M‖y-x‖₂

Corollary

A totally differentiable map with zero derivative on a convex open set is constant

Remark

Dimension, openness, norm, Jacobian, and the native Euclidean linear-map agreement seam

Sources