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Coherent dual extension supplies global Swan controlling sections

PDF p. 15: Theorem6.7 second Bertini application

Statement

Assume AC. Let X=Spec⁡A be an integral normal affine threefold over an algebraically closed field, let S be the finite smooth zero set of the preceding point functional, let U=X∖S, and let Q be its coherent kernel on X. Put E=(Q∣U)∨. For any nonempty open W⊂U there is a finite indexed family of global sections of E which generates E on U, spans first jets at every smooth closed point of U, and contains Swan's controlling family on each member of a finite smooth principal cover of W when W is smooth. The parameters are an affine space T=AkN; repetitions or linear relations in the indexed family are allowed.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The stated X,S,U,Q,W. A controlling family in a free rank-two chart consists of a frame and all its products by affine embedding coordinates, as used in Swan Theorem1.4's proof.

Goal: Supply global functionals on the actual quasi-affine U, including sufficient local families without extending a vector bundle across S.

[F1]

Bertini functional with finite smooth zero locus gives coherent Q on X and rank-two Q∣U. Finite global generation on an affine scheme gives finite generators of every coherent sheaf on X and their restrictions. Kernels of surjections of vector bundles gives local splitting where needed.

[F2]

Noetherianity, finite principal covers and rational closed points are used with External finite-type dimension, rational-point and etale-fiber inputs, The Axiom of Choice.

Proof

1.1F1F2algebra

The sheaf F=HomX(Q,OX) is coherent: on an affine chart it is a submodule of a finite free module over the Noetherian ring, from a finite presentation of Q. Localization of that presentation identifies F∣U with E. By [F1] choose finite sections ψj of F generating it; they generate E on U. No local freeness of F at S is asserted. Choose algebra generators fl of A. Include all ψj and flψj in the indexed family.

2.1step 1.1F2algebra

At a smooth closed point x, the fl−fl(x) span mx/mx2, and the ψj(x) span E(x). Values can first be prescribed with linear combinations of ψj; the combinations (fl−fl(x))ψj then change arbitrary derivatives without changing the value. Thus the family spans the eight-dimensional first-jet space Ex/mx2Ex.

3.1F1F2step 1.1construct∎

If W is smooth, choose finitely many principal opens D(gi)⊂W on each of which two of the ψj form a frame. Such opens cover because these values generate, and W is quasi-compact. On D(gi) use the frame giψa,giψb and the algebra generators fl,1/gi of Agi. Its controlling family consists of giψa,giψb, their fl-multiples, and ψa,ψb. All are restrictions of global sections on U. Add these finitely many sections for every chart to the family in step 1.1. This proves all assertions, including that the controlling sections genuinely come from global functionals on Q∣U.

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