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Murthy splitting input in rank three

PDF p. 17: Proof of Corollary 6.10, Mur94 Theorem 3.8

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Choice and the size conventions of the cited perfect K-theory and smooth-point constructions. Let k be an algebraically closed field and let X=Spec⁡A be a normal affine k-scheme of finite type and dimension 3. Let E be a rank-three vector bundle on X, and put β(E)=[OX]−[E]+[Λ2E]−[det⁡E]∈K0(X). If β(E)=0 in K0(X), then E≅OX⊕E′ for a rank-two vector bundle E′.

In particular, this applies when β(E) is trivial in Fsm3K0(X) for pure-dimensional X. If X also has lower-dimensional components, the corresponding hypothesis may instead be stated using the zero-extended top-dimensional subgroup Fsm,top3K0(X); it does not include all smooth points on those lower-dimensional components.

Here a vector bundle is a finite locally free sheaf, and rank three means locally isomorphic to OX3. Normal means that all local rings are integrally closed domains. The group K0(X) is the degree-zero perfect K-theory group in Rank-three alternating exterior class. The pure smooth-point subgroup in Subgroup generated by smooth closed points is generated by the classes of residue sheaves at smooth closed points. Its top-dimensional zero extension for a nonpure normal scheme is specified in Dimension-specific point images and a precise lower-component obstruction.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The field, scheme, bundle, choice and size hypotheses in the statement, and β(E)=0 in K0(X).

Goal: Construct a decomposition of E into a trivial line and a rank-two bundle, and establish the stated subgroup implications.

[F1]

Affine bundles and finite projective modules identifies vector bundles on X with finite projective A-modules, compatibly with rank, direct sums and duals. Affine perfect K zero and bundle K zero identifies the projective-module Grothendieck group with the specified perfect K0(X) and sends a bounded finite-projective resolution to its alternating class.

[F2]

For P=Γ(X,E), The actual exterior-dual class in affine perfect K zero identifies C3K(P)=∑i=03(−1)i[ΛiP∗], where P∗=Hom⁡A(P,A), with the dual exterior class in perfect K0(X). It also proves that this class and β(E) vanish simultaneously.

[F3]

Unique divisibility of the smooth-point subgroup gives unique divisibility, in particular absence of 2-torsion, for the pure smooth-point subgroup and for its zero-extended top-dimensional counterpart. Dimension-specific point images and a precise lower-component obstruction identifies the latter's generators as the residue classes of smooth closed points on the three-dimensional components.

[F4]

Murthy splitting criterion for the exterior-dual obstruction imports Murthy's criterion: for a reduced affine algebra of dimension n≥2 over an algebraically closed field, if the subgroup of projective K0 generated by residue-field classes of height-n smooth closed points has no (n−1)! torsion, then a rank-n finite projective module splits off a free rank-one summand when its exterior-dual class vanishes. Its external-input section and reference give the precise source and reading limits.

Proof

1.1F1given

A finite-type algebra over a field is noetherian, and normality makes A reduced. By [F1], P=Γ(X,E) is finite projective of constant rank 3, and E is its associated bundle. The affine K-zero comparison in [F1] is an isomorphism.

2.1F1F3step 1.1algebra

Let G⊂K0proj(A) be the subgroup in [F4] for n=3. A height-three smooth closed point lies on a three-dimensional component, and conversely a smooth closed point on a three-dimensional component has height three. Over the perfect field k, these are the point classes in [F3]. Their residue modules admit finite projective resolutions: at such a point the local ring is regular, while the residue module is supported only there; the associated perfect residue sheaf has the same class as the alternating resolution by [F1]. Hence the comparison in [F1] identifies G with Fsm3K0(X) in the pure case and with Fsm,top3K0(X) in the general normal case. By [F3], multiplication by 2 is injective on that image, and therefore on G. Thus G has no (3−1)!=2 torsion.

3.1F1F2F4step 1.1step 2.1

By [F2], β(E)=0 implies that the image of C3K(P) in perfect K0(X) is zero. The comparison is injective by [F1], so C3K(P)=0 in projective K0(A). The reducedness, dimension, field, rank and factorial-torsion hypotheses of [F4] now hold. It follows that P≅A⊕Q for a finite projective module Q of rank two. Applying the affine equivalence gives E≅OX⊕Q~, where Q~ is a rank-two vector bundle.

4.1F3step 3.1∎

The pure smooth-point subgroup and the zero-extended top-dimensional subgroup are subgroups of K0(X) by their definitions. Thus an element trivial in either subgroup is zero in K0(X), and step 3.1 applies. The stated nonpure convention follows from [F3]. This proves the splitting implication and its subgroup formulations.

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