How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Abelianized peripheral data do not distinguish the unknot from the trefoil
Statement refuted
Assume the Axiom of Choice. The false assertion is that the abelianized peripheral system determines the ambient-equivalence class of every smooth knot , where is the positive meridian class and is the preferred longitude class.
Statement references
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The crossing-free unknot diagram, the standard three-crossing trefoil, their compact exteriors and peripheral curves.
Full AC is the assertion that every set-indexed family of nonempty sets has a choice function. The Axiom of Choice
For any chosen complement basepoint and the diagram's common upper-collar access paths, the Wirtinger presentation uses one positive-meridian generator for each under-arc and one crossing conjugacy relation for each crossing, and identifies the presented group with the based complement fundamental group. Correctness of the Wirtinger presentation
The trefoil group based at the upper-collar basepoint specified in the trefoil computation is nonabelian and has abelianization . The trefoil group is nonabelian with abelianization Z
Under countable choice, for every smooth knot is generated by , and the preferred longitude satisfies . Homology and preferred longitude of a knot exterior
Ambient equivalence is given by an ambient isotopy of , whose final diffeomorphism restricts to a homeomorphism of knot complements. Oriented links in the three-sphere and ambient isotopy
Based loop classes form a group under concatenation. A homeomorphism sends loops and endpoint-fixed homotopies to loops and endpoint-fixed homotopies, preserves concatenation, and its inverse induces the inverse group map. Based loops and the fundamental group Loop classes form the group under concatenation
Full AC [A1] supplies the countable-choice hypothesis of [F3] by restricting its choice function to each countable family of nonempty sets. The Axiom of Choice
Counterexample
The crossing-free unknot diagram has one under-arc and no crossings, so [F1] gives a one-generator presentation with no relators and hence for any chosen complement basepoint . Let be the trefoil basepoint in [F2]. If and were ambient equivalent, let be the final diffeomorphism of that ambient isotopy and choose . By [F4] and [F5], would induce an isomorphism . This contradicts [F2], so the knots are not ambient equivalent.
By [A1] and [L1], the countable-choice hypothesis of [F3] holds for both knots. Each abelianized peripheral system has with the meridian as generator and preferred longitude zero. The isomorphism sending to therefore sends the complete decorated triple for to that for . The systems agree although the knots do not, refuting the assertion.
Sources
Depends on
- The trefoil group is nonabelian with abelianization Z
- Homology and preferred longitude of a knot exterior
- Meridian and preferred longitude
- Knot exterior
- Correctness of the Wirtinger presentation
- Oriented links in the three-sphere and ambient isotopy
- Based loops and the fundamental group
- Loop classes form the group $\pi_1(X,x_0)$ under concatenation
- The Axiom of Choice
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
Dependency tree · two levels
45 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Alessia Cattabriga and Stefano Francaviglia, Knot Theory and Applications: Lecture Notes, §§4.1–4.2 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Cole Charbonneau, Computing the Wirtinger Presentation of a Knot Group from a Knot Diagram, §4.1 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Kimihiko Motegi, Dehn surgery on knots: survey, pp. 7–10 (standard reference, not scraped)