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CounterexampleConstruction: AI-generatedVerification: AI-generatedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-6-luna)verified 2026-10-22 (gpt-6.1-sol)
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Abelianized peripheral data do not distinguish the unknot from the trefoil

Statement refuted

Assume the Axiom of Choice. The false assertion is that the abelianized peripheral system (H1(EK;Z),[μ],[λ]) determines the ambient-equivalence class of every smooth knot K⊂S3, where [μ] is the positive meridian class and [λ] is the preferred longitude class.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The crossing-free unknot diagram, the standard three-crossing trefoil, their compact exteriors and peripheral curves.

[A1]

Full AC is the assertion that every set-indexed family of nonempty sets has a choice function. The Axiom of Choice

[F1]

For any chosen complement basepoint and the diagram's common upper-collar access paths, the Wirtinger presentation uses one positive-meridian generator for each under-arc and one crossing conjugacy relation for each crossing, and identifies the presented group with the based complement fundamental group. Correctness of the Wirtinger presentation

[F2]

The trefoil group based at the upper-collar basepoint specified in the trefoil computation is nonabelian and has abelianization Z. The trefoil group is nonabelian with abelianization Z

[F3]

Under countable choice, for every smooth knot H1(EK;Z)≅Z is generated by [μ], and the preferred longitude satisfies [λ]=0. Homology and preferred longitude of a knot exterior

[F4]

Ambient equivalence is given by an ambient isotopy of S3, whose final diffeomorphism restricts to a homeomorphism of knot complements. Oriented links in the three-sphere and ambient isotopy

[F5]

Based loop classes form a group under concatenation. A homeomorphism sends loops and endpoint-fixed homotopies to loops and endpoint-fixed homotopies, preserves concatenation, and its inverse induces the inverse group map. Based loops and the fundamental group Loop classes form the group π1(X,x0) under concatenation

[L1]

Full AC [A1] supplies the countable-choice hypothesis of [F3] by restricting its choice function to each countable family of nonempty sets. The Axiom of Choice

Counterexample

1.1givenF1F2F4F5algebra

The crossing-free unknot diagram has one under-arc and no crossings, so [F1] gives a one-generator presentation with no relators and hence π1(S3∖U,u0)≅Z for any chosen complement basepoint u0. Let x0 be the trefoil basepoint in [F2]. If U and T were ambient equivalent, let H be the final diffeomorphism of that ambient isotopy and choose u0=H−1(x0). By [F4] and [F5], H would induce an isomorphism π1(S3∖U,u0)≅π1(S3∖T,x0). This contradicts [F2], so the knots are not ambient equivalent.

2.1A1F3L1step 1.1algebra∎

By [A1] and [L1], the countable-choice hypothesis of [F3] holds for both knots. Each abelianized peripheral system has H1≅Z with the meridian as generator and preferred longitude zero. The isomorphism sending [μU] to [μT] therefore sends the complete decorated triple (H1,[μ],[λ]) for U to that for T. The systems agree although the knots do not, refuting the assertion.

Depends on

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