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Derivations are maps out of Ω
Statement
Let be a homomorphism of commutative rings, let be a Kähler differential module for it (Universal Kähler differential module), which exists by Existence and generators of Kähler differentials, and let be a -module. Then composition with is an isomorphism of -modules
natural in : for every -linear the two composites obtained by applying before and after the isomorphism agree. Equivalently, represents the covariant functor on -modules.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A ring homomorphism , a Kähler differential module for it, and a -module .
Existence and generators of Kähler differentials: for the module presented by the free -module on the symbols modulo the additive, Leibniz and -constant relators, and for every -module , the assignment is a bijection , natural in .
Universal Kähler differential module: a Kähler differential module for is a pair with an -derivation of into such that is a bijection for every -module , and such that these bijections are natural in .
Derivation of an algebra: is a -module under pointwise addition and scalar multiplication, and for -linear composition is a -module map .
Proof
Bijectivity. By [F1] the pair is a Kähler differential module for , so [F2] gives, for every -module , that is a bijection ; the same statement holds for any Kähler differential module, since any two are related by a unique compatible isomorphism identifying the two assignments.
Additivity and -linearity of the bijection. Both sides are -modules: under pointwise operations, and under the operations of [F3]. For and one has and as maps , because evaluation at any gives on both sides. Hence is a homomorphism of -modules.
Naturality. Let be -linear. By [F3] the composite is a derivation for every and the assignment is -linear; moreover for every -linear , since both sides send to . Thus applying after the isomorphism agrees with applying before it, and the isomorphism of step 1.2 is natural in : the -module represents the functor by [F2].
Depends on
Used by
- Affine charts recover the algebraic module of differentials Lemma
- Kähler differentials commute with localization Lemma
- Kähler differentials commute with scalar base change Lemma
- Polynomial differentials are free Lemma
- The diagonal ideal modulo its square is Omega Lemma
- Unramified residue extensions are finite separable Lemma
- Conormal exact sequence for an algebra quotient Theorem
- Cotangent space at a rational point Theorem
- Tangent vectors as dual-number points Theorem
- Transitivity sequence for differential modules Theorem
- Universal property of relative differential sheaves Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
6 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Stacks Algebra 10.131.3 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Vakil §22.2.17, p.582 (standard reference, not scraped)