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A nonvanishing holomorphic function on such a domain has holomorphic roots of every positive order
Statement
Let be a homologically simply connected complex domain, let be holomorphic and nowhere zero, and let be a natural number with . Then there is a holomorphic, nowhere-zero with
One such is for any holomorphic logarithm of ; replacing by another holomorphic logarithm of multiplies by an th root of unity.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A homologically simply connected complex domain , a holomorphic nowhere-zero , and a natural .
On a homologically simply connected complex domain, a holomorphic nowhere-zero admits a holomorphic with , and any two such differ by a constant in (A nonvanishing holomorphic function on a homologically simply connected domain has a holomorphic logarithm, Homologically simply connected complex domains).
for all complex (, and the complex exponential extends the real exponential).
The complex exponential is entire with (The complex exponential is entire and its complex derivative is itself).
The composite of functions complex differentiable at the relevant points is complex differentiable, with (The chain rule for complex derivatives); constant multiples of complex differentiable functions are complex differentiable (Linearity, product, reciprocal, and quotient rules for complex derivatives).
For a natural , the th roots of unity are exactly the numbers for natural with (The -th roots of a complex number and the distinct roots of unity for every ).
Natural powers satisfy and (Integer powers in the complex field).
If a property holds at and passes from to , it holds for every natural number (The principle of mathematical induction).
For real , (, , and ).
Proof
By [L1] fix a holomorphic on with , and put , which is holomorphic on by [L3] and [L4].
The exponential never vanishes, since by [L8]; so is nowhere zero.
An induction on ([L7]) using [L2] and [L6] gives for every complex and every natural , the case reading . Taking and gives .
If is another holomorphic logarithm of then for a fixed integer by [L1] and [L9], so by [L2], and is an th root of unity by [L5].
Depends on
- A nonvanishing holomorphic function on a homologically simply connected domain has a holomorphic logarithm
- Homologically simply connected complex domains
- $\exp(z+w)=\exp z\,\exp w$, and the complex exponential extends the real exponential
- The complex exponential is entire and its complex derivative is itself
- The chain rule for complex derivatives
- Linearity, product, reciprocal, and quotient rules for complex derivatives
- The $n$-th roots of a complex number and the $n$ distinct roots of unity for every $n\ge1$
- Integer powers in the complex field
- The principle of mathematical induction
- $\exp(x+iy)=e^x(\cos y+i\sin y)$, $|\exp(x+iy)|=e^x$, and $e^{i\pi}+1=0$
- $\ker(\exp)=2\pi i\mathbb Z$, and $\exp z=\exp w$ exactly when $z-w\in2\pi i\mathbb Z$
Used by
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Sources
- J. Lebl, Complex Analysis, Ch. 4 §4.3 (standard reference, not scraped)