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A local Whitney move in Euclidean space
Example
Assume for the compact-support flow supplier. In let and let be the graph of a smooth function that crosses the -axis transversely in exactly two points with opposite local signs (the standard picture: a curve crossing the axis once upward and once downward, bounding with the axis segment between and a disk ). Then the local Whitney move of The local Whitney move is an ambient isotopy of supported in a neighbourhood of which leaves fixed outside a slightly extended segment containing and , sweeps that segment across , and produces an arc with ; the two intersections disappear and none is created. Taking the split normal model with and a compact normal cutoff gives the local picture used in the general Whitney-move theorem. The example verifies the move in the lowest dimension and exhibits the role of the two opposite signs.
Facts & Assumptions
The local sign compares the ordered tangent spaces of the two sheets with the ambient orientation. The local oriented intersection sign
The explicit compactly supported vector field moves the first model sheet and compares it with the unchanged second sheet. The local Whitney move
Under Countable Choice every compactly supported smooth vector field is complete. Compactly supported smooth vector fields are complete
The Whitney move removes a cancelling pair of intersection points. The Whitney move removes a cancelling pair of intersection points
Verification
Given: Countable Choice and the two axis/graph arcs with exactly two simple zeros and the fixed second arc.
Use an increasing coordinate change to put the zeros at , and reflect if necessary so is negative between them and positive outside. The ratio extends smoothly and positively over the two zeros by their nonzero first derivatives. The map is a plane diffeomorphism fixing the axis and taking the other arc to . At its corners the determinant of the ordered tangent directions is , giving one negative and one positive intersection.
Apply the explicit local flow of the model definition: , with on , and use a compact vertical cutoff equal to one on the swept segments. The axis is taken to at time one. For , . For , and , also where . Thus the moved axis and the unchanged graph are disjoint. The vector field has compact support, so its auxiliary time maps are diffeomorphisms; the first arc is embedded throughout. Pull back by the plane normalization to obtain the asserted isotopy of the original first arc, with the second held fixed.
In complementary dimensions the sheet factors are and , with sheets and . Use the compact normal cutoff from the theorem; a possible intersection still forces , where the preceding calculation applies. The normal factors are split sheet directions, not a simultaneous product action on both images. This verifies the exact local picture and the cancellation of the opposite-sign pair.
Depends on
- The local Whitney move
- The Whitney move removes a cancelling pair of intersection points
- The local oriented intersection sign
- Oriented smooth manifolds and oriented charts
- Smooth embeddings
- Open cover, subcover, and compact topological space; a compact subset is a subspace that is compact in its own right
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
- Compactly supported smooth vector fields are complete
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- John Milnor, Lectures on the h-Cobordism Theorem (notes by L. Siebenmann and J. Sondow, Princeton University Press 1965; scanned edition with searchable text layer) (standard reference, not scraped)
- Andrew Ranicki, Algebraic and Geometric Surgery (Oxford Mathematical Monographs, Oxford University Press 2002; complete electronic copy) (standard reference, not scraped)