How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
The unknot zero-trace and a dualizable cancellation diagram
Example
Assume countable choice. Let be the standard unknot. Its zero-trace is diffeomorphic to and embeds in the standard as a tubular neighborhood of an unknotted . It also has the following dualizable-link description: take a dotted unknot and two zero-framed meridian circles at distinct points of , with their normal spanning disks disjoint. Then and are meridional pairs, , and cancelling either meridional – pair leaves the zero-framed unknot trace.
Example references
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Countable choice, the standard unknot , and the framed link described in the Example.
Countable choice, written , is The Axiom of Countable Choice ().
Smooth zero-trace of a knot: is obtained by attaching a single zero-framed -handle to along .
Dualizable framed handle link: a dotted represents a -handle, and the meridional sublinks and zero mutual linking are the dualizability conditions.
Handle cancellation: a -handle and -handle with one transverse attaching/belt-sphere intersection cancel, transporting remaining attaching data.
A knot is smoothly slice exactly when its zero-trace embeds in : a smooth slice disk for gives a smooth embedding of in .
Handle slide of one k handle over another and Handle slides preserve the relative diffeomorphism type: a framed band sum with a signed framed parallel is an allowed -handle slide and preserves the diffeomorphism type, carrying the other attaching data along.
Proof
The standard spanning disk for in is a smooth proper slice disk. By [F4], its zero-trace embeds smoothly in .
Write the standard -handle as the rounded product , with . Its product attaching region is . A section pushoff for bounds in the other boundary face, so the product framing is the zero framing of [F1]. Attaching the second product by this framing glues the two first-factor disks along their boundaries without twisting the second factor. After rounding, the result is .
Each of and bounds its chosen normal disk meeting the core once, so both indicated sublinks are a knot and its meridian. The disks are disjoint, so and have zero linking number. Their framings are zero by the stated preferred-longitude pushoffs. Thus satisfies [F2].
In the round model , take the standard equatorial sphere . The constant vectors are tangent to at every point of this sphere and orthogonal to its tangent plane, so they form its normal frame. Explicitly, for small , the map is a product tubular embedding. Its image is an unknotted-sphere neighborhood diffeomorphic to , hence gives the stated embedding of .
Put in its standard planar position, with spanning disk , and carry the two small normal meridians along it. Along an arc of between their base points, the normal circles sweep a product annulus. Replace its boundary by a close zero-framed parallel toward , so the annulus misses the retained . The annulus meets in its inward longitudinal arc. Take a narrow strip about that arc joining its two boundary circles. Slide over the oppositely oriented along this strip, with the product framing, as permitted by [F5]. The new circle bounds the disk obtained by cutting the annulus open along the strip; push its boundary slightly to round the band seams. This disk misses , and its disk framing is the slide framing: the two old zero framings are the product annulus framings at its ends, and the product strip adds no twist. Thus it and its framed boundary can be kept outside a sufficiently thin cancellation neighborhood. Now [F3] cancels using the single geometric intersection, leaving this disk-bounding zero-framed unknot on the -ball. By [F1] the remaining attachment is . Interchanging gives the other cancellation. This explicitly transports the remaining attaching data; the original normal disk meeting is not used as a disk disjoint from the cancellation region.
Diagram
\begin{tikzpicture}[node distance=2.5cm,>=stealth]
\node (x) {$B^4\cup_R h^1\cup_B h^2_0\cup_G h^2_0$};
\node (g) [below left of=x] {$B^4\cup_U h^2_0$};
\node (b) [below right of=x] {$B^4\cup_U h^2_0$};
\draw[->] (x) -- node[left,align=center] {slide $G$ over $B$;\\cancel $(R,B)$} (g);
\draw[->] (x) -- node[right,align=center] {slide $B$ over $G$;\\cancel $(R,G)$} (b);
\end{tikzpicture}
The sketch shows handle incidence only: dotted denotes the -handle and subscript denotes zero framing. Each slide produces the disk-bounding remaining circle before the indicated single-intersection cancellation; the proof is independent of the sketch.
Depends on
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
Dependency tree · two levels
34 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Lisa Piccirillo, The Conway knot is not slice (standard reference, not scraped)
- Jennifer Hom, Getting a handle on the Conway knot (standard reference, not scraped)