Alphabeta Math
DefinitionDefinition: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-generatedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-6-luna)verified 2026-10-22 (gpt-6.1-sol)
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Dualizable framed handle link

Definition

Assume countable choice. A dualizable framed handle link is an ordered three-component link (B,G,R) in S3 in which R is designated as a dotted component representing a 4-dimensional 1-handle, B and G are designated as 0-framed 2-handle attaching circles (their framing pushoffs represent their preferred longitudes), the ordered sublink (B,R) is ambient isotopic as an unframed link to B together with a meridian of B, the ordered sublink (G,R) has the same property with G in place of B, and lk⁡(B,G)=0. Here lk⁡(B,G) is half the sum of the signs of the mixed crossings in any regular oriented diagram of B∪G; the linking-number lemma guarantees that this is an integer independent of the chosen diagram. The associated handlebody X(B,G,R) has one 0-handle, the 1-handle represented by R, and the two indicated 2-handles. Dotted-circle notation means that the unknotted component R specifies a 1-handle D1×D3 attached along its two foot balls ∂D1×D3; its belt sphere is {0}×S2. A 0-framed 2-handle is D2×D2 attached along its attaching region S1×D2, with the boundary pushoff representing the preferred longitude.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A three-component link in S3 with the component labels and framing data in the Definition and countable choice.

[A1]

Countable choice, written ACω, is The Axiom of Countable Choice (ACω).

[F1]

Oriented links in the three-sphere and ambient isotopy: each component is a smooth oriented embedded circle in the standard oriented S3, and ambient isotopy means an orientation-preserving isotopy of the ambient sphere.

[F2]

Meridian and preferred longitude: a meridian is the boundary of a normal disk to the component, oriented by the knot and ambient orientations, and the preferred longitude is the degree-one peripheral curve with zero exterior-homology class.

[F3]

Regular oriented link diagrams and Oriented crossing signs, diagram writhe, and blackboard framing: a regular oriented diagram has finitely many transverse double crossings with over/under data, each assigned the determinant crossing sign.

[F4]

The mixed crossing sum is even and defines linking number: the half-sum of mixed crossing signs is an integer independent of the regular oriented diagram, and it is symmetric in the two components.

Proof

technique · direct
1.1givenconstruct

The definition specifies R as dotted and B,G as zero-framed attaching circles. Thus R contributes one 1-handle, while B and G contribute the two 2-handles in the stated handlebody.

2.1A1F1F2F3F4givenstep 1.1∎

The two meridional-sublink conditions are invariant under ambient isotopy, and each says that the indicated 2-handle goes geometrically once over the 1-handle. The separately stated mixed-crossing condition is a link invariant by [F4], while [F3] fixes the crossing-sign convention; it is not inferred from either meridional-sublink condition.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

26 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources