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Codimension-one components of a maximal-order support

Statement

Assume AC (The Axiom of Choice).

Let (I,E,μ) be a marked ideal of maximal order whose support supp⁡(I,E,μ) has a component of codimension one in the smooth K-scheme X (Marked ideals of maximal order, tangent directions and transversality to the exceptional divisors). Every codimension-one component C of the support is regular and isolated from its other components. The labelled Cartier blowup at C has y−μσ∗I=OX′ near its exceptional divisor. Whenever C has SNC with E, this division is the controlled transform of an admissible multiple test blowup, and its support does not meet the exceptional divisor. Without that SNC hypothesis only the stated ideal-division calculation is asserted. More precisely, at a general point of C one has I=(uμ) for a local equation u of C, and if σ ⁣:X′→X is the blowup of C with exceptional divisor D given by y, then, on a neighbourhood of the inverse image of C, σ∗I=yμOX′ and hence the divided ideal is the unit ideal. No unit-ideal conclusion is asserted away from that neighbourhood. Blowing up a codimension-one regular center is an isomorphism, but it is a nontrivial transformation of the marked ideal because its pulled-back ideal is divided by the μ-th power of the exceptional ideal while the marking μ is unchanged.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: Assume AC. Let (I,E,μ) be a marked ideal of maximal order whose support has a codimension-one component C, and let σ ⁣:X′→X be the blowup of C.

[A1]

The Axiom of Choice: AC is used through the regular-local UFD supplier [F1].

[F1]

Regular local rings are unique factorization domains: every local ring of the smooth scheme X is a UFD under AC. Thus the height-one component prime at a point of C is generated by a prime element u.

[F2]

localisations of regular local rings are regular, one dimensional regular local rings are dvrs: the localization of a regular local ring at a height-one prime is a one-dimensional regular local ring, hence a DVR; its maximal ideal is generated by the local parameter u.

[F3]

Marked ideals of maximal order, tangent directions and transversality to the exceptional divisors, Order of an ideal sheaf at a point: at a point of the marked support the order is at least μ, while maximal order gives an upper bound μ.

[F4]

Blowup of a scheme along an ideal sheaf, Effective cartier divisor: blowing up a Cartier divisor is an isomorphism and its exceptional ideal is generated locally by its equation y. If the center has SNC with E, Multiple test blow-ups, controlled transforms and resolutions of marked ideals makes the division y−μσ∗I the controlled transform of the marked ideal; otherwise we use this expression only as a local ideal quotient.

[F5]

embedding dimension and regular local ring, regular local quotient by parameter is regular: in a regular local ring, an element of order one is a regular parameter and its quotient is regular.

Proof

1.1A1F1F2F3F5

The local shape along the component. Fix x∈C, put R=OX,x, and let P=I(C)x be the height-one component prime. By [F1], P=(u) for a prime element u. Since C lies in the marked support and μ≥1, Ix⊆P. Let η be the generic point of C. By [F2], RP is a DVR with uniformizer u; since η lies in the support and I has maximal order, [F3] gives ord⁡RP(IP)=μ, so IP=(uμ). For any f∈Ix, this gives sf=uμg for some s∉P and g∈R. The element u is prime and does not divide s, so repeated cancellation gives f∈(uμ). Hence Ix=(uμ)J for an ideal J⊆R. If ord⁡x(u)≥2, then Ix⊆mx2μ⊆mxμ+1, contradicting maximal order at x. Thus ord⁡x(u)=1. If J were proper, then J⊆mx and Ix⊆mxμ+1, again a contradiction. Therefore Ix=(uμ). By [F5], u is a regular parameter and R/(u) is regular, so C is regular at x. Since x was arbitrary, C is regular, and locally along it the support is exactly V(u); hence no other support component meets C.

2.1F4step 1.1∎

The blowup is an isomorphism and resolves along the component. The regular component C is an effective Cartier divisor by step 1.1, so its blowup is an isomorphism. Locally along C, write y=u for its equation. Step 1.1 gives I=(uμ), hence σ∗I=(yμ) and y−μσ∗I=OX′ along the exceptional divisor. If C has SNC with E, this is an admissible marked-ideal transformation by [F4], so its controlled-transform support misses the divisor. The local quotient calculation itself needs no boundary hypothesis.

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