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Local densities for equivalent Radon quotient measures

Statement

Assume AC. If μ and ν are equivalent Radon measures on G/H, then on each open σ-compact component of a disjoint cover of G/H there is an almost-everywhere unique finite positive Radon–Nikodym density w with dν=w dμ. These densities define a unitary multiplication map between the completed locally measurable L2 section spaces, component by component; no global Borel density is asserted on a non-σ-finite quotient.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: LCH G, closed H, equivalent Radon measures μ,ν on X=G/H, and AC.

[F1]

AC supplies dependent and countable choice (AC implies DC implies countable choice).

[F2]
[F3]

The open-subgroup-orbit decomposition of X has open σ-compact components (the construction is given in the proof below).

[F4]

On a σ-finite measure space, absolute continuity gives a measurable Radon–Nikodym density, unique almost everywhere; equivalent measures give a density positive and finite almost everywhere (A sigma-finite signed measure that is absolutely continuous with respect to a sigma-finite positive measure has a unique almost-everywhere density).

[A1]

AC permits selecting a density representative on each component (The Axiom of Choice).

Proof

technique · construction
1.1F1F2F3construct

Choose a relatively compact symmetric open identity neighborhood U⊆G and set L=⋃n≥1Un. Then L is open and σ-compact. Its action on X partitions X into disjoint open orbits: the orbit through xH is the image of L under ℓ↦ℓxH, so it is σ-compact; it is LCH by [F2]. The compact closures of the sets Un give each orbit a countable compact cover.

1.2F4choose

Restrict μ and ν to one orbit. Each restriction is σ-finite because it is Radon and the orbit is a countable union of compact sets of finite measure. Equivalence gives νi≪μi and μi≪νi; [F4] supplies a measurable wi with dνi=wi dμi, where 0<wi<∞ almost everywhere. The RN uniqueness clause makes wi unique up to μi-null sets.

2.1A1F4step 1.2∎

By [A1] choose one measurable version separately on each orbit; all density operations below are performed componentwise. On each component, multiplication by wi−1/2 maps L2(μi;V) isometrically onto L2(νi;V), since ∫∥wi−1/2F∥2dνi=∫∥F∥2dμi; its inverse is multiplication by wi1/2. Taking the Hilbert direct sum of these componentwise unitaries gives the asserted map on the completed locally measurable section spaces.

Depends on

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Sources