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A fixed leafwise cap gives a joint transverse product with exact collar data
Statement
Assume Countable Choice (The countable-choice principle used in the foliation pair). Let be a cooriented codimension-one regular foliation of a -manifold , let be a compact disk, and let be a map into one leaf. Fix and a transversal through . Plaque continuation of along , for a path from to , is independent of near because maps the simply connected disk into one leaf; write for the endpoint in the transported transversal at .
Then there are a uniform interval and a jointly map with , leaf-valued slices and transverse tracks , such that The uniform interval is constructed from the fixed cap before any actual section range is checked. Let be a prescribed collar region with a trace and its actual holonomy-trivialized section , so that and each is obtained from by projection along the short flow segments of a fixed smooth positively transverse field near . If a smaller closed collar has compact section range , choose an open interval with . Then the restriction of to satisfies pointwise on and on its interior. The boundary section may be nonzero. If is a collar of and there, continuity gives such a as a special case.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A codimension-one foliation of a -manifold , a compact disk , a cap , a transversal through , and a collar region with trace and section as in the statement.
A compact disk is simply connected, and a based loop in a simply connected space is null-homotopic relative to its basepoint (Simply connected topological spaces, Based loops and the fundamental group).
Holonomy germs of leafwise paths between fixed endpoint transversals depend only on the leafwise homotopy class relative to endpoints (Holonomy depends only on leafwise homotopy relative to endpoints), and the holonomy representation is the homomorphism into transverse germs of The holonomy representation and the holonomy group of a leaf.
A finite plaque transport between local transversals of a foliation atlas is a local diffeomorphism germ (C² plaque transport and finite transverse fences preserve C² regularity).
A fixed leafwise cap together with a fixed smooth positively transverse field and a finite holonomy-trivial continuation admits a jointly transverse product obtained by unique short flow roots, and the exact collar factorization holds when the trace is expressed in the transported coordinate with range in the uniform interval and is obtained by projecting along the flow orbits (A fixed cap product glues by unique transverse flow roots).
If is compact inside an open in a smooth manifold, there is a smooth bump equal to near with support in (A manifold bump for a compact set inside an open set).
Plaques of a flat chart are the connected components of the level sets of the transverse coordinate, and leaves are the plaque-chain sets (Flat charts for a distribution, Plaques of a flat chart, Leaves of a regular foliation, Regular foliation atlases).
The standing hypothesis is Countable Choice (The countable-choice principle used in the foliation pair).
Proof
Independence of the path. Let be two paths in from to ; then is a based loop at , null-homotopic in the disk by [F1]. Composing the null-homotopy with the map gives a leafwise homotopy in relative to endpoints between the corresponding leafwise paths, so by [F2] the holonomy germs agree: the transported transversal at is independent of near . By [F3] each finite transport is a local diffeomorphism germ, so in each fixed local endpoint transversal the finite chart formulas are . Subdivide the compact parameter disk into finitely many cells mapping into boxes, and use their finitely many edge-loop relations to choose one common interval ; label transitions agree on open cell neighborhoods as in [F4].
Use the fixed smooth field V of any prescribed collar data. When no collar data are prescribed, construct such a field near the compact image: in smooth ambient charts choose constant fields with positive transverse evaluation on smaller domains, and sum finitely many nonnegative compact-set bumps from [F5] whose cores cover the image. Positivity is an open convex condition and coorientation fixes its sign. A field obtained this way is smooth in the ambient smooth charts; no C² foliation-coordinate field is called smooth. If τ is negatively oriented, apply the positive-transversal construction to and reverse the parameter again in the final product.
Finite continuation data. Because is compact and covered by finitely many flat boxes, a finite subdivision of the disk into closed cells carries each cell into one box; combined with step 1.1 this is exactly the finite holonomy-trivial cap continuation required as a hypothesis of [F4].
The product. Applying [F4] to the compact disk , the cap , the field of step 2.1 and the continuation data of step 3.1 produces a uniform interval and a jointly map with , leaf-valued slices, transverse tracks and ; the interval is fixed by the finitely many flow-root data of the cap before any collar section is examined.
Exact collar range bookkeeping. Let be a closed collar with . The set is compact, because is compact and is continuous, and is contained in the open interval with positive distance from its endpoints; hence there is an open interval with . For one has , so is defined, and lies in the transported leaf with label ; the exact collar clause of [F4], whose projection hypothesis on is part of the data, therefore gives for every , hence also on the interior of .
Boundary-zero special case. If is a collar of and on the boundary collar, then by continuity of the section range of a sufficiently thin closed collar around is arbitrarily close to ; since is an open interval about , such a satisfies , so step 5.1 applies.
The construction of and of the range interval used finitely many boxes, cells, bumps and local roots, so no choice beyond the standing hypothesis [F8] is invoked; steps 4.1–6.1 prove the statement.
Depends on
- The countable-choice principle used in the foliation pair
- Regular foliation atlases
- Flat charts for a distribution
- Plaques of a flat chart
- Leaves of a regular foliation
- Simply connected topological spaces
- Based loops and the fundamental group
- The holonomy representation and the holonomy group of a leaf
- Holonomy depends only on leafwise homotopy relative to endpoints
- Heine-Borel in $\mathbb{R}^n$: with the Euclidean metric a subset of $\mathbb{R}^n$ is compact if and only if it is closed and bounded, and the proof by bisection uses no choice principle; the same holds on the real line
- C² plaque transport and finite transverse fences preserve C² regularity
- A fixed cap product glues by unique transverse flow roots
- A manifold bump for a compact set inside an open set
Used by
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Sources
- S. P. Novikov, The Topology of Foliations, English translation by J. A. Zilber (standard reference, not scraped)