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A fixed leafwise cap gives a joint transverse product with exact collar data

Statement

Assume Countable Choice ACω (The countable-choice principle used in the foliation pair). Let F be a C2 cooriented codimension-one regular foliation of a 3-manifold M, let W be a compact disk, and let B:W→L be a C2 map into one leaf. Fix x∗∈W and a C2 transversal τ:(−δ,δ)→M through B(x∗). Plaque continuation of τ along B∘q, for a path q from x∗ to x, is independent of q near t=0 because B maps the simply connected disk into one leaf; write Tx(t) for the endpoint in the transported transversal at B(x).

Then there are a uniform interval J=(−r,r) and a jointly C2 map P:W×J→M with P(x,0)=B(x), leaf-valued slices P(⋅,t) and transverse tracks P(x,⋅), such that dP−1(TF)=TW=ker⁡(dt). The uniform interval is constructed from the fixed cap before any actual section range is checked. Let C⊆W be a prescribed collar region with a C2 trace fC and its actual holonomy-trivialized section tC, so that fC(x)=Tx(tC(x)) and each fC(x) is obtained from B(x) by projection along the short flow segments of a fixed smooth positively transverse field V near B(W). If a smaller closed collar C0⊆C has compact section range S=tC(C0)⋐J, choose an open interval I with S⋐I⋐J. Then the restriction of P to W×I satisfies P(x,tC(x))=fC(x) pointwise on C0 and on its interior. The boundary section may be nonzero. If C is a collar of ∂W and tC=0 there, continuity gives such a C0 as a special case.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A C2 codimension-one foliation F of a 3-manifold M, a compact disk W, a C2 cap B:W→L, a C2 transversal τ through B(x∗), and a collar region C⊆W with trace fC and section tC as in the statement.

[F1]

A compact disk is simply connected, and a based loop in a simply connected space is null-homotopic relative to its basepoint (Simply connected topological spaces, Based loops and the fundamental group).

[F2]

Holonomy germs of leafwise paths between fixed endpoint transversals depend only on the leafwise homotopy class relative to endpoints (Holonomy depends only on leafwise homotopy relative to endpoints), and the holonomy representation is the homomorphism into transverse germs of The holonomy representation and the holonomy group of a leaf.

[F3]

A finite plaque transport between C2 local transversals of a C2 foliation atlas is a C2 local diffeomorphism germ (C² plaque transport and finite transverse fences preserve C² regularity).

[F4]

A fixed leafwise cap together with a fixed smooth positively transverse field and a finite holonomy-trivial continuation admits a jointly C2 transverse product obtained by unique short flow roots, and the exact collar factorization holds when the trace is expressed in the transported coordinate with range in the uniform interval and is obtained by projecting along the flow orbits (A fixed cap product glues by unique transverse flow roots).

[F5]

If K⊆M is compact inside an open W⊆M in a smooth manifold, there is a smooth bump equal to 1 near K with support in W (A manifold bump for a compact set inside an open set).

[F6]

Plaques of a flat chart are the connected components of the level sets of the transverse coordinate, and leaves are the plaque-chain sets (Flat charts for a distribution, Plaques of a flat chart, Leaves of a regular foliation, Regular foliation atlases).

[F8]

The standing hypothesis is Countable Choice ACω (The countable-choice principle used in the foliation pair).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1givenF1F2F3

Independence of the path. Let q,q′ be two paths in W from x∗ to x; then q∗q′−1 is a based loop at x∗, null-homotopic in the disk W by [F1]. Composing the null-homotopy with the C2 map B gives a leafwise homotopy in L relative to endpoints between the corresponding leafwise paths, so by [F2] the holonomy germs agree: the transported transversal at B(x) is independent of q near t=0. By [F3] each finite transport is a C2 local diffeomorphism germ, so in each fixed local endpoint transversal the finite chart formulas are C2. Subdivide the compact parameter disk into finitely many cells mapping into boxes, and use their finitely many edge-loop relations to choose one common interval J0=(−δ0,δ0); label transitions agree on open cell neighborhoods as in [F4].

2.1givenF5F6step 1.1

Use the fixed smooth field V of any prescribed collar data. When no collar data are prescribed, construct such a field near the compact image: in smooth ambient charts choose constant fields with positive transverse evaluation on smaller domains, and sum finitely many nonnegative compact-set bumps from [F5] whose cores cover the image. Positivity is an open convex condition and coorientation fixes its sign. A field obtained this way is smooth in the ambient smooth charts; no C² foliation-coordinate field is called smooth. If τ is negatively oriented, apply the positive-transversal construction to t↦τ(−t) and reverse the parameter again in the final product.

3.1step 1.1step 2.1F6

Finite continuation data. Because B(W) is compact and covered by finitely many flat boxes, a finite subdivision of the disk W into closed cells carries each cell into one box; combined with step 1.1 this is exactly the finite holonomy-trivial cap continuation required as a hypothesis of [F4].

4.1step 2.1step 3.1F4

The product. Applying [F4] to the compact disk W, the cap B, the field V of step 2.1 and the continuation data of step 3.1 produces a uniform interval J=(−r,r)⊆J0 and a jointly C2 map P:W×J→M with P(x,0)=B(x), leaf-valued slices, transverse tracks and dP−1(TF)=TW=ker⁡(dt); the interval J is fixed by the finitely many flow-root data of the cap before any collar section is examined.

5.1step 4.1F4F7

Exact collar range bookkeeping. Let C0⊆C be a closed collar with S=tC(C0)⋐J. The set S is compact, because C0 is compact and tC is continuous, and S is contained in the open interval J with positive distance from its endpoints; hence there is an open interval I with S⋐I⋐J. For x∈C0 one has tC(x)∈S⊆I⊆J, so P(x,tC(x)) is defined, and fC(x)=Tx(tC(x)) lies in the transported leaf with label tC(x); the exact collar clause of [F4], whose projection hypothesis on fC is part of the data, therefore gives P(x,tC(x))=fC(x) for every x∈C0, hence also on the interior of C0.

6.1step 5.1F7

Boundary-zero special case. If C is a collar of ∂W and tC=0 on the boundary collar, then by continuity of tC the section range of a sufficiently thin closed collar C0⊆C around ∂W is arbitrarily close to 0; since J is an open interval about 0, such a C0 satisfies tC(C0)⋐J, so step 5.1 applies.

7.1step 4.1step 5.1step 6.1F8∎

The construction of P and of the range interval used finitely many boxes, cells, bumps and local roots, so no choice beyond the standing hypothesis [F8] is invoked; steps 4.1–6.1 prove the statement.

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