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Homogeneous free presentations prove the graded comparison is an isomorphism
Statement
Let be a field, graded -algebras, -linear, right exact, coproduct preserving and coherently shift-compatible with comparisons (Coherently shift-compatible functors and natural transformations), and let carry the graded -bimodule structure of Homogeneous right multiplication reconstructs the graded kernel action.
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For every graded left -module there is a unique degree-zero -linear map for and homogeneous ( as in Degreewise direct sums and homogeneous free covers in graded modules); it has total degree on and is natural in .
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is compatible with the shift comparisons, so is a morphism of coherently shift-compatible functors (Coherently shift-compatible functors and transformations form k-linear hom categories), with comparison matrix equal to .
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is an isomorphism: becomes under the tensor-unit and shift isomorphisms and is therefore invertible; since and preserve coproducts, is invertible for every coproduct of shifts of ; and for arbitrary the homogeneous free presentation of Degreewise direct sums and homogeneous free covers in graded modules presents as the map induced on cokernels whose two pre-comparisons are isomorphisms, so is invertible by cokernel universality. Consequently every such is coherently naturally isomorphic to .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A field , graded -algebras , a -linear right exact coproduct-preserving coherently shift-compatible functor with comparisons , the graded -bimodule with the action of Homogeneous right multiplication reconstructs the graded kernel action, a graded left -module with homogeneous , an element , an element , and .
The reconstructed right action satisfies with , , and , and it makes a graded -bimodule with the unit law and associativity (Homogeneous right multiplication reconstructs the graded kernel action).
is -linear, right exact and coproduct preserving, and the canonical comparisons are the identity on elementary tensors (Graded tensor functors are k-linear, right exact, coproduct preserving and shift-coherent).
The canonical homogeneous free cover with is an epimorphism, the degree-zero map with is unique for , the first presentation map has image and need not be monic, and for degree-zero (Degreewise direct sums and homogeneous free covers in graded modules).
The internal shift is a strict autoequivalence acting as the identity on underlying sets, so the shift of a morphism is the same underlying map (Internal shifts are autoequivalences and commute with the graded tensor product). The supplied comparisons satisfy the cocycle (Coherently shift-compatible functors and natural transformations).
Between fixed -linear right exact coproduct-preserving coherent functors, coherent transformations have set codes given by their components at ; actual hom-categories and a strict 2-category are formed using finite words in a specified uniformly definable family. The transformation formulas remain valid for arbitrary supplied functors, including and (Coherently shift-compatible functors and transformations form k-linear hom categories).
A coherent transformation between coherently shift-compatible functors satisfies (Coherently shift-compatible functors and natural transformations).
The graded balanced tensor product is graded by total internal degree on homogeneous elementary tensors and every element is a finite sum of such tensors (Graded balanced tensor product and homogeneous Hom).
For the graded -bimodule and a graded left -module , the tensor-unit map , , and the shift isomorphisms are degree-zero isomorphisms. To apply the bimodule version, give its central right -action (Graded associativity, units, and internal-shift tensor isomorphisms).
Kernels, images and cokernels in are computed degreewise, and exactness is equivalent to exactness degreewise (Graded modules with degree-zero maps form an abelian category).
A balanced map out of induces a unique homomorphism out of (Universal property of the tensor product for balanced maps into abelian groups).
Tensor products of maps satisfy and (Module homomorphisms induce tensor-product homomorphisms functorially).
The left -action on is the unique one with (A commuting outer scalar action descends to a tensor product).
A sequence is exact when image equals kernel at each meeting point (Exact sequences and short exact sequences of modules).
The cokernel of a homomorphism is the quotient by its image, and a map out of the cokernel is determined by the universal property of that quotient (Module homomorphism and isomorphism, kernel, image and cokernel).
A right exact functor between abelian categories preserves epimorphisms (A left exact functor preserves monomorphisms and a right exact functor preserves epimorphisms).
A functor is right exact when it preserves every finite colimit existing in its source (Left exact and right exact functors).
A natural transformation has components satisfying (Natural transformation and its components).
A natural transformation is a natural isomorphism when it has a two-sided inverse, which is detected on underlying maps (Natural isomorphism).
For an additive right exact coproduct-preserving functor on ungraded modules with its evaluated bimodule action, the canonical Eilenberg–Watts comparison is a natural isomorphism (Canonical free presentations force the comparison to be an isomorphism).
Proof
For put ; since and , additivity of makes this additive in within each degree, and finite homogeneous decomposition extends it uniquely to all . It is additive in because the maps defining it are homomorphisms. For homogeneous , , both maps sending to . Naturality of at with parameter and its cocycle give on underlying maps. Thus ; additivity extends balancing to arbitrary .
By [L10] the balanced pairing induces a unique group homomorphism with on homogeneous ; it is degree-zero because for and the tensor has total degree [L7] while and is degree-zero, so ; and it is -linear because is -linear in (both and are -linear) and the -action on the tensor is the unique one with [L12].
Naturality in : for a degree-zero one has [L3], so ; elementary tensors generate , so by [L11] and [L17].
Shift compatibility: both sides of are degree-zero -linear maps , so it suffices to compare them on with . The right-hand side gives viewed in , because is the identity on elementary tensors [L2]. The left-hand side is with the shift of [L3, L4]; naturality of at with parameter gives and the shift of a morphism is the same underlying map [L4], so the left-hand side equals ; the cocycle together with [L4] gives on underlying maps, so the left-hand side equals the right-hand side.
At the generator map is the identity, so ; under the tensor-unit and shift isomorphisms of [L8] the map corresponds to the degree-zero isomorphism , hence is itself an isomorphism.
Let be a coproduct of shifts of . Since preserves coproducts [L2] and does by hypothesis, naturality of at the coproduct inclusions identifies with the coproduct of the isomorphisms of step 3.3, under the canonical decompositions and ; a coproduct of isomorphisms is an isomorphism, so is an isomorphism.
For arbitrary the presentation of [L3] is exact at and at [L13], with of image and an epimorphism; the functors and preserve cokernels because they are right exact [L2, L15, L16], so applying them gives two cokernel diagrams connected by : by naturality (step 3.1). The maps and are isomorphisms by step 4.1, so the unique map induced on the cokernels by cokernel universality [L14] is an isomorphism with inverse induced by the two inverses; this proves the graded counterpart of the ungraded comparison [L19] directly, and the first presentation map is never asserted to be monic.
Collecting steps 3.1, 3.2 and 5.1: is a natural transformation that is an isomorphism in every degree and hence a natural isomorphism [L18], it satisfies the equivariance identity of step 3.2, so it is a coherent morphism between the coherent functors and in the sense of [L6] and [L5], and consequently every such is coherently naturally isomorphic to ; the displays of the statement record the two composites of the comparison matrix, which are equal by step 3.2.
Depends on
- Homogeneous right multiplication reconstructs the graded kernel action
- Graded tensor functors are k-linear, right exact, coproduct preserving and shift-coherent
- Degreewise direct sums and homogeneous free covers in graded modules
- Internal shifts are autoequivalences and commute with the graded tensor product
- Coherently shift-compatible functors and transformations form k-linear hom categories
- Coherently shift-compatible functors and natural transformations
- Graded balanced tensor product and homogeneous Hom
- Graded associativity, units, and internal-shift tensor isomorphisms
- Graded modules with degree-zero maps form an abelian category
- Universal property of the tensor product for balanced maps into abelian groups
- Module homomorphisms induce tensor-product homomorphisms functorially
- A commuting outer scalar action descends to a tensor product
- Exact sequences and short exact sequences of modules
- Module homomorphism and isomorphism, kernel, image and cokernel
- A left exact functor preserves monomorphisms and a right exact functor preserves epimorphisms
- Left exact and right exact functors
- Natural transformation and its components
- Natural isomorphism
- Canonical free presentations force the comparison to be an isomorphism
Used by
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Sources
- Roozbeh Hazrat, Graded Rings and Graded Grothendieck Groups (arXiv:1405.5071), §1.2.2 shift of modules (1.16), printed p.34; §1.2.6 graded tensor product (1.21)-(1.23), printed pp.40-41; §2.3 Definitions 2.3.3-2.3.4, Theorem 2.3.7 with its proof, Theorem 2.3.8, Example 2.3.9, printed pp.118-123 (standard reference, not scraped)
- J. Fuchs, G. Schaumann, C. Schweigert, Eilenberg-Watts calculus for finite categories and a bimodule Radford S^4 theorem (arXiv:1612.04561v3), Introduction (classical unital-ring statement) and §2.1 Lemma 2.1 (standard reference, not scraped)