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LemmaStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-6-sol)audited 2026-09-27
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Induction commutes with inflation along a normal subgroup

Statement

Let K⊴G be a normal subgroup of the finite group G, let K≤H≤G, write Gˉ=G/K, Hˉ=H/K, and let π:G→Gˉ, π(g)=gK, be the quotient map. For every finite-dimensional complex Hˉ-module W there is an isomorphism of complex G-modules Infl⁡GˉG(Ind⁡HˉGˉW)  ≅  Ind⁡HG(Infl⁡HˉHW).

In particular, if Hˉ≤Gˉ, if W is a one-dimensional Hˉ-module and Ind⁡HˉGˉW is irreducible, then the inflation of Ind⁡HˉGˉW to G is a monomial irreducible G-module: it is induced from the one-dimensional representation Infl⁡HˉHW of H:=π−1(Hˉ).

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A finite group G, a normal subgroup K⊴G, a subgroup K≤H≤G with quotient Hˉ=H/K, the quotient map π:G→Gˉ=G/K, and a finite-dimensional complex Hˉ-module W. For the final clause Hˉ is an arbitrary subgroup of Gˉ, H=π−1(Hˉ), and W is one-dimensional with Ind⁡HˉGˉW irreducible.

[F1]

Ind⁡LMU={ f:M→U:f(ml)=l−1⋅f(m) for all m∈M, l∈L } for a subgroup L≤M and an L-module U, with (x⋅f)(m)=f(x−1m). (The induced R-linear G-module Ind⁡HGW as H-covariant functions on G).

[F2]

For a representation M of H/N the inflation to H is the composite with H→H/N; it has the same underlying space, the action of h∈H is that of the coset hN, and consequently N acts trivially. (An extension of a normal subgroup representation).

[F3]

G/K consists of the cosets gK, the quotient map π is a surjective homomorphism, xy‾=xˉyˉ and xˉ=yˉ exactly when x−1y∈K. (The quotient group G/N and coset product (gN)(hN)=ghN).

[F4]

A representation of H on which N⊴H acts trivially descends uniquely to H/N, and it is irreducible as an H-representation exactly when it is irreducible as an H/N-representation. (A representation with kernel containing a normal subgroup factors through the quotient, and irreducibility is unchanged by inflation).

[F5]

A nonzero G-module is monomial when it is isomorphic to Ind⁡HGL for a subgroup H≤G and a one-dimensional H-module L (Monomial representations, monomial characters, and M-groups). Inflation leaves the underlying vector space unchanged by [F2].

[F6]

K⊴G means that gkg−1∈K for all g∈G, k∈K; in particular K is a subgroup. (Normal subgroup: invariance under conjugation).

[A1]

For k∈K and any H-module on which K acts trivially, k−1⋅u=u for every vector u.

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

Since K⊴G by [F6] and K≤H≤G, the quotient H/K is a group and h↦hˉ is a homomorphism H→Hˉ; hence the H-action on the inflated module, which is the Hˉ-action through h↦hˉ by [F2], is well defined. For fˉ∈Infl⁡GˉG(Ind⁡HˉGˉW) define Φ(fˉ):G→W by Φ(fˉ)(g):=fˉ(gˉ)=fˉ(π(g)). If h∈H, then π(gh)=gˉhˉ by [F3], so Φ(fˉ)(gh)=fˉ(gˉhˉ)=hˉ−1⋅fˉ(gˉ)=h−1⋅Φ(fˉ)(g); hence Φ(fˉ)∈Ind⁡HG(Infl⁡HˉHW) by [F1].

F1F2F3F6construct
2.1

Φ is C-linear, and it is injective: if Φ(fˉ)=0, then fˉ(gˉ)=Φ(fˉ)(g)=0 for every g∈G, and every element of Gˉ is some gˉ by [F3], so fˉ=0.

F3step 1.1algebra
2.2

Φ is surjective. Given F∈Ind⁡HG(Infl⁡HˉHW), define fˉ:Gˉ→W by fˉ(gˉ):=F(g). This is well defined: if gˉ=gˉ′, then g′=gk with k∈K≤H by [F3], so F(g′)=F(gk)=k−1⋅F(g)=F(g) by [A1] and [F2]. Moreover fˉ is Hˉ-covariant, since for hˉ∈Hˉ one has fˉ(gˉhˉ)=F(gh)=h−1⋅F(g)=hˉ−1⋅fˉ(gˉ) for any h∈H with image hˉ, so fˉ∈Ind⁡HˉGˉW and Φ(fˉ)=F.

A1F1F2F3step 1.1
2.3

Φ is G-equivariant: for x,g∈G and fˉ as in step 1.1, Φ(x⋅fˉ)(g)=(x⋅fˉ)(gˉ)=fˉ(xˉ−1gˉ)=fˉ(x−1g‾)=Φ(fˉ)(x−1g)=(x⋅Φ(fˉ))(g), using [F3] and the action rules of [F1].

F1F3step 1.1algebra
3.1

Steps 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 show that Φ is a G-equivariant C-linear bijection, which is the asserted isomorphism. For the final clause let Hˉ≤Gˉ, put H=π−1(Hˉ), let W be one-dimensional with Ind⁡HˉGˉW irreducible, and note K≤H≤G and H/K=Hˉ. By the isomorphism just proved the inflation of Ind⁡HˉGˉW is isomorphic to Ind⁡HG(Infl⁡HˉHW), and Infl⁡HˉHW is one-dimensional because it has the same underlying space as W by [F2]; the inflation is irreducible because inflation preserves irreducibility in both directions by [F4] and Ind⁡HˉGˉW is irreducible. Hence it is a monomial irreducible G-module induced from the one-dimensional H-module Infl⁡HˉHW by [F5].

F2F4F5step 2.1step 2.2step 2.3∎

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