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Compatible tubular charts realize a prescribed normal identification

Statement

Assume countable choice ACω. Let i:S↪M be a closed smooth embedded submanifold, E→S a smooth real vector bundle, and α:E→ν(S)=i∗TM/di(TS) a smooth bundle isomorphism over idS. Then there is a diffeomorphism Φ from an open neighbourhood of the zero section 0S in E onto an open neighbourhood U of i(S) in M, with Φ(s,0)=i(s) for every s, whose induced map on the normal quotient is exactly α: identifying the vertical subspace of T(s,0)E with Es, the composite Es→ dΦ(s,0)∣Es Ti(s)M→ qs Ti(s)M/dis(TsS)=ν(S)s equals αs for every s∈S. In particular, taking E=ν(S) and α=id, the normal bundle itself admits a tubular chart inducing the identity on its normal quotient.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: Countable choice, a closed smooth embedded submanifold i:S↪M, a smooth real vector bundle E→S and a smooth bundle isomorphism α:E→ν(S) over idS.

[F1]

Under ACω there are an open neighbourhood Ω0⊆ν(S) of the zero section and a diffeomorphism Φ0:Ω0→U0 onto an open neighbourhood of i(S) with Φ0(0s)=i(s) (The tubular neighbourhood theorem in a smooth ambient manifold).

[F2]

Under ACω every smooth manifold admits a Riemannian metric (Assuming countable choice, every smooth manifold admits a Riemannian metric).

[F3]

For an embedded submanifold of a Riemannian manifold the orthogonal complement C=(di(TS))⊥ is a smooth subbundle with TM∣S=di(TS)⊕C, the metric identifies C with the quotient normal bundle ν(S) of Normal and conormal bundles of an embedded submanifold, and the orthogonal projection π⊥:TM∣S→C is smooth (Tangential and normal projections along a Riemannian submanifold).

[F4]

A fibrewise linear map over a smooth base map is smooth exactly when its local matrix functions are smooth (Smoothness of a bundle map is equivalent to smooth local matrices).

[F5]

A smooth bundle map over a diffeomorphism whose every fibre map is bijective is a bundle isomorphism (A fibrewise bijective smooth bundle map over a diffeomorphism is a bundle isomorphism).

[F6]

Differentials satisfy the chain rule (The chain rule for differentials of smooth maps).

[A1]

Countable choice is The Axiom of Countable Choice (ACω); it is used exactly through [F1] and [F2].

Proof

technique · direct
1.1F1F2F3givenconstruct

By [F1] fix a tubular chart Φ0, and by [F2] fix a Riemannian metric g on M; then [F3] exhibits ν(S) as the smooth quotient bundle identified with C and makes π⊥ smooth. Let Ψ:Ω⊆F→M be any chart of a smooth bundle F→S of rank equal to codim⁡S with Ψ(0s)=i(s). Write z for the zero section and identify T(s,0)F=dzs(TsS)⊕Fs, where Fs=ker⁡dπF is the vertical subspace. Since Ψ∘z=i, one has dΨ(s,0)(dzs(u))=dis(u); hence dΨ(s,0) sends the horizontal summand isomorphically onto dis(TsS) and Fs isomorphically onto a complement of it. The quotient class βs(v):=[dΨ(s,0)(v)]∈ν(S)s is therefore a well-defined linear map Fs→ν(S)s.

2.1F3F4F5step 1.1algebra

With j:C→ν(S) the identification of [F3] and β~s:=π⊥∘dΨ(s,0)∣Fs one has β=j∘β~, because dΨ(v)−π⊥dΨ(v) lies in dis(TsS). In local frames of F and TM∣S the components of dΨ(s,0)∣Fs are smooth functions of s, since Ψ is smooth, and π⊥ has smooth local matrices by [F3]; so [F4] makes β~ and β smooth bundle maps over idS. Fibrewise, π⊥dΨ(v)=0 forces dΨ(v)∈dis(TsS), hence v=0 by the splitting and injectivity of dΨ; since rank⁡F=codim⁡S=rank⁡C, each β~s and βs is bijective. By [F5], β is a smooth bundle isomorphism.

3.1F5F6step 2.1construct

Apply step 2.1 to F=ν(S) and Ψ=Φ0: the induced map β0 is a smooth bundle automorphism of ν(S). Put γ=β0−1∘α:E→ν(S) and Φ=Φ0∘γ:γ−1(Ω0)→U0. Since γ is a smooth bundle isomorphism over idS, the set γ−1(Ω0) is open and contains 0S, and Φ is a diffeomorphism with Φ(0s)=Φ0(0s)=i(s). For v∈Es one has dγ(s,0)(v)=γs(v), because γ is fibrewise linear over idS; hence by the chain rule [F6] the induced map of Φ at s is β0,s∘γs=β0,s∘β0,s−1∘αs=αs.

4.1F1F2step 3.1given∎

Taking E=ν(S) and α=id in step 3.1 gives the chart Φ0∘β0−1, which induces the identity, so the normal bundle admits a chart in the specified compatible class. If S=∅ then E, ν(S), Ω0 and U0 are empty and the condition is vacuous; if E has rank zero then codim⁡S=0 and βs is the unique isomorphism between zero spaces, so step 3.1 still applies. The isomorphism γ is determined by the supplied chart and α, so no object is selected beyond [A1]; the metric of [F2] only exhibits the smooth structure and does not enter β0.

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