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A finite-type field reduces to a localization over a transcendence basis
Statement
Let be a field extension, and assume that is finitely generated as a -algebra. Let be a transcendence basis of over . Then there exists a nonzero polynomial such that is integral over the localization
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A field extension , a finite -algebra generating set for , and a transcendence basis of over .
The notation denotes the generated subfield (Finitely generated field extensions ).
A transcendence basis makes the ambient field algebraic over the generated field (A maximal algebraically independent set is a transcendence basis).
Integral means satisfying a monic polynomial over the base, and integral elements over a nonzero subring form a subring (Integral elements over a commutative ring and algebraic integers, Integral elements over a nonzero base ring form a subring).
A homomorphism inverting the denominators extends to the localization. For a domain localized at nonzero elements the canonical map is injective (Universal property of localisation: maps that invert factor uniquely through , Equality, vanishing, and the kernel of the localisation map).
Proof
Choose generators of as a -algebra. Since is a transcendence basis, [L2] shows that each is algebraic over .
Put . The ratios with and form a subfield of containing ; conversely every such ratio lies in , so this subfield equals . For each of the finitely many , clear the finitely many denominators in an algebraic equation over . This gives a nonzero polynomial vanishing at , with and . Put , taking for an empty generating list. Since is a subring of the field , .
By [L4], embeds in as the fractions : the extension map sends to the same quotient in , and a zero image forces . Each leading coefficient has inverse in . Dividing its equation by that coefficient makes it monic, so every is integral over the nonzero ring by [L3].
Every is integral over by the polynomial . Thus the integral subring of from [L3] contains and all the , hence contains . Since and , this generated algebra equals . Therefore every element of is integral over .
Thus is integral over .
Depends on
- Finitely generated field extensions $F(a_1,\ldots,a_r)$
- A maximal algebraically independent set is a transcendence basis
- Integral elements over a commutative ring and algebraic integers
- Integral elements over a nonzero base ring form a subring
- Universal property of localisation: maps that invert $S$ factor uniquely through $S^{-1}R$
- Equality, vanishing, and the kernel of the localisation map
Used by
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Sources
- J. S. Milne, A Primer of Commutative Algebra, v4.03, Corollary 13.3 (standard reference, not scraped)