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A finite-type field reduces to a localization over a transcendence basis

Statement

Let k⊆K be a field extension, and assume that K is finitely generated as a k-algebra. Let t1,…,tr∈K be a transcendence basis of K over k. Then there exists a nonzero polynomial s∈k[t1,…,tr] such that K is integral over the localization k[t1,…,tr][1s].

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A field extension k⊆K, a finite k-algebra generating set for K, and a transcendence basis t1,…,tr of K over k.

[L1]

The notation k(t1,…,tr) denotes the generated subfield (Finitely generated field extensions F(a1,…,ar)).

[L2]

A transcendence basis makes the ambient field algebraic over the generated field (A maximal algebraically independent set is a transcendence basis).

[L3]

Integral means satisfying a monic polynomial over the base, and integral elements over a nonzero subring form a subring (Integral elements over a commutative ring and algebraic integers, Integral elements over a nonzero base ring form a subring).

[L4]

A homomorphism inverting the denominators extends to the localization. For a domain localized at nonzero elements the canonical map is injective (Universal property of localisation: maps that invert S factor uniquely through S−1R, Equality, vanishing, and the kernel of the localisation map).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1L1L2givenchoose

Choose generators a1,…,am∈K of K as a k-algebra. Since t1,…,tr is a transcendence basis, [L2] shows that each ai is algebraic over F:=k(t1,…,tr).

2.1L1step 1.1choosealgebra

Put R=k[t1,…,tr]⊆K. The ratios b/c with b,c∈R and c≠0 form a subfield of K containing R; conversely every such ratio lies in F, so this subfield equals F. For each of the finitely many ai, clear the finitely many denominators in an algebraic equation over F. This gives a nonzero polynomial ci,diXdi+⋯+ci,0∈R[X] vanishing at ai, with di≥1 and ci,di≠0. Put s=∏ici,di, taking s=1 for an empty generating list. Since R is a subring of the field K, s≠0.

3.1L3L4step 2.1algebra

By [L4], A=R[1/s] embeds in K as the fractions b/sj: the extension map sends b/sj to the same quotient in K, and a zero image forces b=0. Each leading coefficient has inverse (∏h≠ich,dh)/s in A. Dividing its equation by that coefficient makes it monic, so every ai is integral over the nonzero ring A by [L3].

4.1L3step 1.1step 3.1algebra

Every a∈A is integral over A by the polynomial X−a. Thus the integral subring of K from [L3] contains A and all the ai, hence contains A[a1,…,am]. Since k⊆A⊆K and k[a1,…,am]=K, this generated algebra equals K. Therefore every element of K is integral over A.

5.1step 4.1∎

Thus K is integral over k[t1,…,tr][1/s].

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