Alphabeta Math
PropositionStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-generatedprecheck passjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-08-31
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Assuming countable choice, normal and conormal bundles are smooth vector bundles

Statement

Assume ACω. If S⊆M is an embedded submanifold, then the normal bundle ν(S)=TM∣S/TS and the conormal bundle N∗S⊆T∗M∣S are smooth vector bundles over S.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The axiom ACω and an embedded submanifold S⊆M.

[L0]
[L1]

Around each point of S there is a slice chart in which S is given by y1=⋯=yc=0 (Embedded submanifolds and slice charts).

[L2]

A quotient by a smooth vector subbundle is a smooth vector bundle (A vector bundle quotient by a subbundle is a smooth vector bundle).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1L0L1L2given

In a slice chart (x1,…,xk,y1,…,yc) with S={y=0}, the induced charts of [L0] make TM∣S a smooth vector bundle with local frame ∂x1,…,∂xk,∂y1,…,∂yc, while TS is spanned by the ∂xi. Hence TS is a smooth subbundle and the classes of ∂yj give a local frame of the quotient TM∣S/TS. By [L2], the normal bundle is smooth.

2.1L0L1step 1.1algebra∎

In the same slice chart, the induced cotangent charts of [L0] give the local coframe dx1,…,dxk,dy1,…,dyc, and the covectors annihilating TS are exactly the span of dy1,…,dyc. These local frames vary smoothly, so the conormal bundle is a smooth subbundle of T∗M∣S, hence a smooth vector bundle over S.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

28 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources