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The null-set definition is independent of the smooth atlas
Statement
Assume countable choice . If and are smooth atlases on the same smooth manifold , then a subset is -null if and only if it is -null.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Countable choice and smooth atlases and on a smooth manifold , and a subset .
A set is atlas-null when every chart image in that atlas is Euclidean null (Null subsets of a smooth manifold).
Local coordinate diffeomorphisms preserve Euclidean nullity on suitably small source and target chart neighbourhoods ( local diffeomorphisms preserve null sets locally).
Under countable choice, every manifold open cover has a countable subordinate coordinate-ball cover (Every open cover of a manifold has a countable relatively compact coordinate-ball subcover).
Countable choice selects one arbitrarily small cube-cover sequence for each member of a countable null family (The Axiom of Countable Choice ()).
A double sequence can be flattened and the geometric budgets sum to (, For , , and for the series diverges).
Proof
Assume is -null and fix . The overlaps with cover . At each point of each overlap, [L1] gives a smaller open neighbourhood on which the coordinate transition preserves Euclidean nullity in both directions. These form an open cover of . Apply [L2] under the given countable choice to obtain a countable cover subordinate to these local transition neighbourhoods, and use [A1] to fix a containing local transition neighbourhood and its source chart for each .
Since is -null, each is null as a subset of . The chartwise conclusion of [L1], on the local neighbourhood containing , gives that is Euclidean null. The countable family covers , so .
Fix . Each null admits a sequence of closed-cube covers with total volume at most . Use [A1] to choose these sequences simultaneously. Flatten them by [L3]; the resulting sequence covers and has total volume at most . Thus is null. Since was arbitrary, is -null. Interchanging and gives the reverse implication.
Depends on
- Null subsets of a smooth manifold
- $C^1$ local diffeomorphisms preserve null sets locally
- Every open cover of a manifold has a countable relatively compact coordinate-ball subcover
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
- $\mathbb{N} \times \mathbb{N} \approx \mathbb{N}$
- For $|r| < 1$, $\sum_{k \ge 0} r^k = 1/(1-r)$, and for $|r| \ge 1$ the series diverges
Used by
Cited to discharge well-definedness by Null subsets of a smooth manifold.
Dependency tree · two levels
55 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- John M. Lee, Introduction to Smooth Manifolds, 2nd ed. (standard reference, not scraped)
- Marco Gualtieri, Topology I: Smooth Manifolds, cumulative notes (standard reference, not scraped)