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PropositionStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedprecheck passverified 2026-09-23 (gpt-6-sol)
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  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

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The null-set definition is independent of the smooth atlas

Statement

Assume countable choice ACω. If A and B are smooth atlases on the same smooth manifold M, then a subset E⊆M is A-null if and only if it is B-null.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: Countable choice and smooth atlases A and B on a smooth manifold M, and a subset E⊆M.

[F1]

A set is atlas-null when every chart image in that atlas is Euclidean null (Null subsets of a smooth manifold).

[L1]

Local coordinate diffeomorphisms preserve Euclidean nullity on suitably small source and target chart neighbourhoods (C1 local diffeomorphisms preserve null sets locally).

[L2]

Under countable choice, every manifold open cover has a countable subordinate coordinate-ball cover (Every open cover of a manifold has a countable relatively compact coordinate-ball subcover).

[A1]

Countable choice selects one arbitrarily small cube-cover sequence for each member of a countable null family (The Axiom of Countable Choice (ACω)).

[L3]

A double sequence can be flattened and the geometric budgets ε2−j−1 sum to ε (N×N≈N, For ∣r∣<1, ∑k≥0rk=1/(1−r), and for ∣r∣≥1 the series diverges).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1A1L1L2given

Assume E is A-null and fix (V,ψ)∈B. The overlaps V∩U with (U,φ)∈A cover V. At each point of each overlap, [L1] gives a smaller open neighbourhood W on which the coordinate transition ψ∘φ−1 preserves Euclidean nullity in both directions. These W form an open cover of V. Apply [L2] under the given countable choice to obtain a countable cover (Wj) subordinate to these local transition neighbourhoods, and use [A1] to fix a containing local transition neighbourhood and its source chart (Uj,φj) for each j.

2.1F1L1step 1.1

Since E is A-null, each φj(E∩Wj) is null as a subset of φj(E∩Uj). The chartwise conclusion of [L1], on the local neighbourhood containing Wj, gives that Cj=ψ(E∩Wj) is Euclidean null. The countable family (Wj) covers V, so ψ(E∩V)=⋃jCj.

3.1A1L3step 2.1∎

Fix ε>0. Each null Cj admits a sequence of closed-cube covers with total volume at most ε2−j−1. Use [A1] to choose these sequences simultaneously. Flatten them by [L3]; the resulting sequence covers ⋃jCj and has total volume at most ∑jε2−j−1=ε. Thus ψ(E∩V) is null. Since (V,ψ) was arbitrary, E is B-null. Interchanging A and B gives the reverse implication.

Depends on

Used by

Cited to discharge well-definedness by Null subsets of a smooth manifold.

Dependency tree · two levels

55 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources