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Amenability is equivalent to Reiter's condition (P1)
Statement
Assume AC. Let be a locally compact Hausdorff group. Then is amenable (Amenable locally compact group) if and only if satisfies Reiter's condition (P1) (Reiter's condition (P1)): for every compact and every there is with , and , with as defined in Reiter's condition (P1) (including ). The equivalence is proved through invariant means on , so it is stated for a fixed left Haar measure but does not depend on its normalization.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: AC, a locally compact Hausdorff group , and a fixed left Haar measure .
AC is assumed in the choice-function form (The Axiom of Choice).
The class map embeds actual UCB functions isometrically in and intertwines the left translations (Left-uniformly continuous bounded functions (UCB)).
A left-invariant mean on UCB(G) yields Reiter's condition (P1) under AC (An invariant mean produces a Reiter net).
Reiter's condition (P1) is equivalent to the existence of a net in with compact-uniform translation defects (Reiter's condition (P1)).
Amenability is existence of a left-invariant mean on complex and is invariant under positive rescaling of Haar measure (Amenable locally compact group, Left-invariant means on of a locally compact group).
AC implies the ultrafilter lemma (The ultrafilter lemma, from the Axiom of Choice: every filter extends to an ultrafilter).
Under the ultrafilter lemma, every Reiter net has a weak-star cluster point which is a left-invariant mean on (A Reiter net has an invariant-mean cluster point).
Multiplying a left Haar measure by a positive scalar preserves left invariance and the Haar measure convention (Left Haar integral and left Haar measure).
Proof
Suppose is amenable. Let be a left-invariant mean on and define for . By [F1], the class map is well-defined and injective; positivity, complex linearity, normalization, and left invariance pass from to . Hence [F2] gives Reiter's condition (P1).
Suppose satisfies (P1). By [F3], choose a Reiter net . By [A1] and [F5], the ultrafilter lemma holds. The cluster-point result [F6] gives a left-invariant mean on , so is amenable by [F4].
Let for . The measures have the same null sets, and maps bijectively to . For every compact , on the common almost-everywhere classes, so . Thus (P1) is independent of this rescaling. Amenability is likewise normalization-independent by [F4], with still a left Haar measure by [F7].
Steps 1.1 and 1.2 prove the two implications for the fixed left Haar measure, and step 1.3 proves normalization independence. Therefore the stated equivalence holds.
Sources
BHV, Kazhdan's Property (T), Appendix G.3, Theorem G.3.1, gives the amenability, Reiter (P1), and invariant-mean equivalence, printed pp. 452–456. The proof here uses the assigned local UCB-to-Reiter and Reiter-cluster-point lemmas rather than its separate weak-star-density assertion for all probability densities. Thomas, Lecture 20, slides 11–17 (PDF pp. 11–17), provides the amenability/invariant-mean-to-Reiter direction.
Depends on
- An invariant mean produces a Reiter net
- A Reiter net has an invariant-mean cluster point
- Amenable locally compact group
- Reiter's condition (P1)
- The Axiom of Choice
- Left-uniformly continuous bounded functions (UCB)
- Left-invariant means on $L^\infty$ of a locally compact group
- The ultrafilter lemma, from the Axiom of Choice: every filter extends to an ultrafilter
- Left Haar integral and left Haar measure
Used by
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Sources
- Bachir Bekka, Pierre de la Harpe and Alain Valette, Kazhdan's Property (T) (Cambridge University Press, 2008; author-hosted complete text) (standard reference, not scraped)
- Anne Thomas, The Banach-Tarski Paradox and Amenability, Lecture 20: Invariant Mean implies Reiter's Property (University of Sydney Honours lecture notes, 11 October 2012) (standard reference, not scraped)