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Absolute convergence and local parameter domination for Gaussian basis integrals
Statement
Every overlap, kinetic, point-nucleus attraction, and two-electron Coulomb integral defined in Cartesian Gaussian primitives, contractions, and integral conventions exists absolutely for finite Cartesian Gaussian contractions. The same holds when Gaussian factors are replaced by any fixed finite spatial derivatives, also after any fixed finite number of derivatives with respect to primitive centers or positive exponents. The Coulomb kernels are left undifferentiated; arbitrary spatial derivatives of the whole singular integrand are not asserted to be absolutely integrable. With nuclear positions fixed, if primitive centers remain in compact sets and all exponents remain in a compact subset of , these differentiated integrands have a common integrable majorant for each fixed derivative order. Thus differentiation with respect to primitive centers or exponents may be passed under any of these integrals to every finite order.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Finite contractions as in Cartesian Gaussian primitives, contractions, and integral conventions, with positive exponents, fixed finite polynomial degrees, and (for the local domination assertion) centers and exponents in the compact parameter sets of the Statement.
Cartesian Gaussian primitives, contractions, and integral conventions: each primitive is a polynomial times , and the Coulomb kernels are and .
Cartesian Gaussian moments and exponent-parameter derivatives: every polynomial times is absolutely integrable for .
Tonelli's theorem for nonnegative measurable functions on a sigma-finite product: nonnegative integrands may be estimated by iterated integrals.
Fubini's theorem for L^1 functions on a sigma-finite product: an absolutely integrable complex integrand has a well-defined product integral and equal iterated integrals.
Dominated convergence: a common integrable majorant permits passage of a pointwise parameter-derivative limit through an integral.
Mean value theorem on a closed real interval: a scalar difference quotient is bounded by the supremum of the derivative on its parameter segment.
The exponential function is smooth and and Sum, product, quotient, and chain rules from difference quotients: the exponential is smooth with derivative itself; finite sums, products and polynomial compositions obey the product, power and chain rules. Applying these rules one coordinate or parameter at a time justifies every displayed finite Gaussian derivative.
Proof
Repeated product-rule differentiation shows that every fixed spatial or primitive-parameter derivative of a Gaussian factor is a finite sum of polynomial-Gaussian terms. On the compact parameter sets in the Statement, choose and . The coefficients of these finitely many polynomials are bounded uniformly, since they are polynomials in the bounded parameters. Moreover, and . Each term is therefore bounded by for finite uniform on those parameter sets. This majorant is integrable by [F2] and bounded, so each pair product is in ; products involving have the same form. For fixed parameters use singleton compact sets.
The overlap and kinetic integrands are polynomial-Gaussian products and are absolutely integrable by step 1.1. For a nuclear center , the pair product is bounded on . To check local kernel integrability without a radial-coordinate formula, partition into : on , and lies in a cube of volume , so . The sum is . Outside this unit ball the kernel is at most one, so the remaining integral is bounded by the pair product's norm. This proves absolute convergence of the point-nucleus attraction.
Let be two pair products from finite contractions; by step 1.1 they belong to . On , Tonelli [F3] and give the bound by the shell calculation in step 2.1. On the complement, , giving bound . Hence the two-electron integrand is absolutely integrable, and [F4] supplies its product and iterated integral meanings.
All the allowed derivatives act on Gaussian factors, so at every fixed finite order step 1.1 applies; the kernels, singular centers , and diagonal remain fixed. Products of those uniform Gaussian envelopes, multiplied by the unchanged kernel when present, are common integrable majorants by steps 2.1 and 3.1. For difference quotients, enlarge the compact parameter bounds slightly within the positive-exponent domain so they contain all sufficiently short parameter segments. Apply [L8] to each real Gaussian term on such a segment; its quotient is bounded by the envelope for the corresponding next derivative. The same near-nucleus and near-diagonal estimates make these quotient bounds integrable. Applying [F5] passes the derivative through the integral; repeating at each fixed finite order proves the mixed-derivative assertion. Fixed complex coefficients and finite contraction sums are handled by finite linearity and the triangle inequality.
Depends on
- Cartesian Gaussian primitives, contractions, and integral conventions
- Cartesian Gaussian moments and exponent-parameter derivatives
- Tonelli's theorem for nonnegative measurable functions on a sigma-finite product
- Fubini's theorem for L^1 functions on a sigma-finite product
- Dominated convergence
- The exponential function is smooth and $(\exp)'=\exp$
- Sum, product, quotient, and chain rules from difference quotients
- Mean value theorem on a closed real interval
Used by
- Finite primitive and contracted Gaussian integral evaluation with certified screening Algorithm
- Cartesian Gaussian raising, lowering, and kinetic-energy recurrences Theorem
- Hermite recurrence formulas for Gaussian nuclear-attraction and two-electron Coulomb integrals Theorem
- Positive Coulomb bilinear form, Cauchy–Schwarz, and screening bound Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- Trygve Helgaker, Molecular Integral Evaluation, 10th Sostrup Summer School lecture notes (2008) (standard reference, not scraped)
- L. E. McMurchie and E. R. Davidson, One and Two Electron Integrals over Cartesian Gaussian Functions, UCRL-13791 (1976) (standard reference, not scraped)