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Homotopic continuation data give chain homotopic maps
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Choice (The Axiom of Choice). Let and be regular continuation data from to on a closed manifold , let be a regular two-parameter datum between them (A regular two-parameter continuation datum), and let be the continuation maps of the two data (The continuation chain map).
Then there is a homomorphism of graded modules , defined on generators by counting the zero-dimensional part of the parametrized moduli space, where is the finite set of points of of virtual dimension (for the signs are dropped and the count is taken mod ; for the signs are those of Orientation lines orient the continuation moduli spaces compatibly with gluing, including the rogue trajectories at exceptional parameters), such that is a chain homotopy from to (A chain homotopy): Consequently on Morse homology (Chain-homotopic maps induce the same map on homology); in particular the induced continuation map on homology of The continuation count is a chain map depends only on the two end pairs, not on the chosen regular continuation datum. The continuation chain map itself is independent up to chain homotopy.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The Axiom of Choice, the two regular endpoint data, and the augmented-regular parameter family, constant in the parameter near its two endpoints and with uniform fixed autonomous ends.
The total parameter-included endpoint fibre product is transverse, has dimension , and at parameter endpoints has ordinary product collars. No interior vertical-member regularity is assumed (A regular two-parameter continuation datum).
The pointed metric-end height estimates and compact-window extraction prove compactness of continuation objects, without a height coordinate on the middle (Continuation trajectories are compact up to breaking). Exact finite flow matching applies to an augmented-regular middle and its autonomous breaks (Finite flow matching gives local charts at metric-end broken trajectories).
The augmented parameter-first orientation and the negative raw zero-dimensional counting sign give endpoint signs and positive products at both autonomous breaking patterns (Orientation lines orient the continuation moduli spaces compatibly with gluing).
A compact one-manifold has even boundary cardinality, and an oriented compact one-manifold has zero signed boundary count (Boundary of a compact 1-manifold has even cardinality, Oriented boundary counts of a compact oriented 1-manifold cancel).
The end differentials and continuation maps count the rigid trajectories, while chain-homotopic maps induce the same homology map (The continuation chain map, The mod-two Morse differential, The signed Morse differential over the integers, A chain homotopy, Chain-homotopic maps induce the same map on homology).
Proof
In any sequence of augmented solutions, first extract a convergent parameter subsequence in . The autonomous ends are fixed, so the square-root height modulus of [F2] is uniform; the compact-window field and all its finite-time evolution estimates are uniform over the compact parameter interval. The pointed-tail and unshifted-window extraction of [F2] therefore applies verbatim with the converging parameter included. The limit middle solves the limiting parameter equation. By [F1] its augmented dimension is nonnegative, so its vertical index difference is at least . Each nonconstant autonomous tail loses at least one index. Telescoping consequently bounds the total tail count by , not by the vertical index difference. The triple of pointed height paths, unshifted middle window and parameter gives the same compact metrizable geometric topology as in [F2].
When , no autonomous break is possible in step 1.1; moreover at parameter endpoints the fixed regular data have vertical index , so there are no endpoint solutions. Thus is a compact zero-dimensional manifold and is finite. Its signed count with the convention of [F3] defines on the finite critical basis, with degree ; extending finitely and linearly gives the displayed homomorphism. This remains valid for isolated rogue solutions whose vertical derivative is not onto, because their full augmented derivative and orientation are supplied by [F1] and [F3].
When , the extraction allows at most one autonomous break. The only added configurations are a negative rigid end trajectory followed by an augmented zero-dimensional middle, or an augmented zero-dimensional middle followed by a positive rigid end trajectory. Each broken stratum is locally a point, and the augmented fixed-anchor matching chart in [F2] gives its half-interval collar, including inverse coverage. At parameter endpoints [F1] gives the ordinary half-interval collar over each rigid endpoint-datum solution. No endpoint can coincide with an autonomous break, since the requisite augmented zero-dimensional middle has vertical index and the parameter-end data are regular. The compactification is therefore a compact one-manifold with precisely these four boundary patterns. Its boundary products are finite by step 2.1 and the metric-end rigid finiteness proved in [F2].
Orient this one-manifold by the parameter-first endpoint sequence. By [F3], its parameter-end signed counts are and its two broken counts are respectively and , both with positive product signs. By [F4] their sum is zero. Over the same statement follows from even boundary cardinality. Comparing the coefficient at every degree- target of every degree- generator , [F5] therefore gives . Finite linear extension gives this identity in every degree.
The identity of step 4.1 is exactly the chain-homotopy identity of [F5]; hence the maps induce the same homology map. Finally any two regular data with the same fixed ends admit an augmented-regular family relative to their parameter endpoints: the regularizing function and metric perturbations in the parameter-interior endpoint-transversality construction of [F1] preserve the endpoint data. Applying the preceding argument gives datum independence of the induced homology map and of the chain-homotopy class of the chain map.
Depends on
- A regular two-parameter continuation datum
- The continuation chain map
- The continuation count is a chain map
- Continuation trajectories are compact up to breaking
- Orientation lines orient the continuation moduli spaces compatibly with gluing
- Boundary of a compact 1-manifold has even cardinality
- Oriented boundary counts of a compact oriented 1-manifold cancel
- A chain homotopy
- Chain-homotopic maps induce the same map on homology
- The mod-two Morse chain group
- The mod-two Morse differential
- The signed Morse differential over the integers
- Morse homology of a Morse--Smale pair
- Chain complex in an abelian category
- A graded morphism of chain complexes
- The Axiom of Choice
- Finite flow matching gives local charts at metric-end broken trajectories
Used by
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Sources
- Alexander F. Ritter, Part III Morse Homology (Cambridge lecture notes, complete author PDF, 115 pp.) (standard reference, not scraped)
- Michael Hutchings, Math 242 Lecture 21: Invariance via continuation maps (notes by Jackson Van Dyke, complete PDF) (standard reference, not scraped)
- Udhav Fowdar, A Functional Analytic Approach to Morse Homology (UCL 4th-year project, complete PDF, 93 pp.) (standard reference, not scraped)