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Poisson summation for a full-rank lattice
Statement
Assume Countable Choice (The Axiom of Countable Choice ()). Let and let be a full-rank lattice with dual and covolume . Then both series below converge absolutely and more precisely, the periodisation identity holds for every .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Countable Choice, , the full-rank lattice with dual and covolume , the fundamental parallelotope , the periodisation , and the transform of Fourier transform on complex L1 classes.
is smooth, -periodic and absolutely convergent at every point: with locally uniformly summable derivative series (Schwartz periodisation over a lattice is smooth with locally uniformly summable derivatives).
(Fourier transform acts continuously on Schwartz space), and Schwartz functions satisfy the product-weight bound for a finite constant built from finitely many seminorms; in particular for every prescribed (Schwartz derivatives are integrable).
Lattice count: there is a constant with for all . Indeed , so implies for a constant (Every Euclidean linear map has a unique matrix and satisfies for some , Full-rank lattices, covolume, and the dual lattice), and the number of integer points with is at most , as the shell count of Dirac comb shows.
Character orthogonality on the fundamental domain: if and otherwise (Orthogonality of the lattice characters over a fundamental domain).
The periodisation has 's coefficients: for every (Fourier coefficients of a lattice periodisation).
A continuous -periodic function with all lattice coefficients zero vanishes identically (Continuous lattice-periodic functions are determined by their lattice Fourier coefficients).
Termwise integration of a uniformly convergent series over a finite-measure set and interchange of an absolutely summable integral are justified by the dominated-convergence and Fubini interfaces (Dominated convergence, Fubini's theorem for L^1 functions on a sigma-finite product).
Uniform limits of continuous real-valued functions are continuous (If for every some continuous satisfies for all , then is continuous; in particular a uniformly convergent series of continuous real functions has a continuous sum), and a complex-valued function is continuous when its real and imaginary parts are continuous (A vector-valued function has a limit, or is continuous, if and only if each of its components does; with the algebra of continuous vector-valued functions).
Proof
By [F2], for every there is with . Splitting into the shells and using the count of [F3], once by [F4].
Hence converges absolutely and uniformly on ; its sum is continuous by [F9] applied to real and imaginary parts, and it is -periodic because each exponential is -periodic exactly when (Full-rank lattices, covolume, and the dual lattice).
For every , [F8] and the absolute convergence of step 1.1 justify integrating the series term by term against over the finite-measure set : , the last equality by [F5]. By [F6] the periodisation has the same coefficient for every .
Since and are both continuous and -periodic ([F1], step 2.1) and their difference has every lattice Fourier coefficient zero by step 3.1, [F7] gives , which is the displayed periodisation identity. Evaluating at gives ; absolute convergence on the left is the case of [F1], and on the right it is step 1.1. Countable Choice is inherited from the periodisation, change-of-variables and convergence suppliers above.
Depends on
- Full-rank lattices, covolume, and the dual lattice
- Fundamental parallelotopes of a lattice tile Euclidean space with covolume volume
- Orthogonality of the lattice characters over a fundamental domain
- Schwartz periodisation over a lattice is smooth with locally uniformly summable derivatives
- Fourier coefficients of a lattice periodisation
- Continuous lattice-periodic functions are determined by their lattice Fourier coefficients
- Fourier transform acts continuously on Schwartz space
- Schwartz derivatives are integrable
- Every Euclidean linear map has a unique matrix and satisfies $\|Lh\|_2\le K\|h\|_2$ for some $K\ge0$
- Dirac comb
- The p-series for a real exponent p converges exactly when p is greater than one
- Fubini's theorem for L^1 functions on a sigma-finite product
- Dominated convergence
- Fourier transform on complex L1 classes
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
- If for every $\varepsilon > 0$ some continuous $g : X \to \mathbb{R}$ satisfies $\lvert f(x) - g(x)\rvert < \varepsilon$ for all $x$, then $f$ is continuous; in particular a uniformly convergent series of continuous real functions has a continuous sum
- A vector-valued function has a limit, or is continuous, if and only if each of its components does; with the algebra of continuous vector-valued functions
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Sources
- Lior Silberman, Fourier series and the Poisson summation formula (Math 604/613 notes, UBC) (standard reference, not scraped)
- Noam Elkies, Theta functions and weighted theta functions of Euclidean lattices (author PDF) (standard reference, not scraped)
- Michael E. Taylor, Fourier Analysis, Distributions, and Constant-Coefficient Linear PDE (author PDF) (standard reference, not scraped)