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Pin and full-even Spin are topological double covers

Statement

Equip Cl(V,Q) with its finite-dimensional real topology, Pin and full-even Spin with the subspace topology, and O(V,B) and SO(V,B) with their matrix topologies. The maps in Real Pin and full-even Spin images, kernels, and definite compactness are continuous central two-sheeted covering maps. This is a topological assertion in addition to the algebraic exactness of those sequences.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The finite-dimensional nondegenerate real quadratic space with the group topologies above.

[F1]

Both twisted-adjoint maps are surjective group homomorphisms with central kernel {1,−1} (Real Pin and full-even Spin images, kernels, and definite compactness).

[F2]

A continuous local section s near the identity of SO(V,B) has ρ(s(A))=A and s(A)∈Spin⁡N=1 (Local Spin lift from the matrix logarithm).

[F3]

In positive dimension Pin consists of homogeneous normalized-vector products; in dimension zero Pin and full-even Spin are {1,−1}. In every dimension its even subgroup is full-even Spin (Normalized Pin products and Clifford norm).

[F4]

Each normalized anisotropic vector acts by its hyperplane reflection (Twisted Clifford action, reflections, and scalar kernel).

[F5]

The Clifford algebra is the quotient of the tensor algebra by the quadratic relations; for V=0 its tensor algebra and Clifford algebra are R (Universal Clifford algebra of a quadratic space).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1F1F2algebra

The maps are continuous because the twisted action uses only finite-dimensional algebra multiplication, the grading involution, and inversion on the open set of invertible elements. By [F2], shrink a neighborhood U of the identity in SO(V,B) until the section is defined on U. For every A∈U, [F1] says the fiber is exactly {s(A),−s(A)}.

2.1F1step 1.1choose

Since the finite-dimensional Clifford algebra is Hausdorff and 1≠−1, choose an open neighborhood W of 1 disjoint from −W. Since s(I)=1, shrink U so s(U)⊂W and −s(U)⊂−W. Then ρ−1(U)∩W=s(U) and ρ−1(U)∩(−W)=−s(U) are disjoint open subsets of ρ−1(U); each maps homeomorphically to U, with inverse s or −s. Thus the map on full-even Spin is a two-sheeted covering near the identity.

3.1F1F3F4F5step 2.1construct∎

If n=0, then [F5] gives Cl(V,Q)=R, all its elements are even, and the definition gives Pin⁡(0)=Spin⁡full(0)={1,−1}. The target groups O(0) and SO(0) are both the singleton {I0}, and both action maps are the two-to-one map from the discrete two-point group to a point. Thus both maps are covering maps in dimension zero. Now suppose n>0. Choose an open neighborhood UO of the identity in O(V,B), contained in both SO(V,B) and the neighborhood U of step 2.1; this is possible because SO(V,B) is open in O(V,B), as determinant is continuous with values in {1,−1}. If x∈Pin⁡ and x=u1⋯uk is a product of normalized vectors, then [F4] gives det⁡ρx=(−1)k. Thus ρx∈UO implies k is even, and [F3] gives x∈Spin⁡full. Conversely full-even Spin is contained in Pin. Therefore the Pin preimage of UO is exactly the full-even Spin preimage restricted to UO, so step 2.1 supplies its two sheets. For any point of either target group choose one lift using [F1]; left multiplication by that lift and by its image transports the identity neighborhood and its two sheets to a neighborhood of that point. Hence both maps are covering maps everywhere. Their kernels are central by [F1], so both are central topological double covers.

Remarks

The local logarithm section is the step that distinguishes a covering proof from an abstract short exact sequence with a two-element kernel.

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