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Reduced Khovanov cohomology is invariant under based moves and basepoint transport
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Countable Choice. Let be an oriented knot and let and be finite regular oriented diagrams of with basepoints away from all crossings. Then the reduced integral groups and are isomorphic for every . In particular, they are invariant under Reidemeister moves supported away from the basepoint and under transport of the basepoint along the knot.
Statement references
Reduced quotient and based interval module
Oriented Reidemeister equivalence
Ambient extension of a marked-knot isotopy
Finite Reidemeister event sequence
Khovanov, A categorification of the Jones polynomial (1999), §§8.1–8.4
Bar-Natan, On Khovanov's categorification of the Jones polynomial (2002), §§3.5.1–3.5.5
Facts & Assumptions
Given: AC, two finite regular based diagrams of the same oriented knot, and their reduced quotient complexes.
AC is the axiom that every countable family of nonempty sets has a choice function (The Axiom of Countable Choice ()).
An isotopy of smooth embeddings of a compact knot circle extends under AC to an ambient isotopy (The isotopy extension theorem).
The cut one-interval tangles of any two based diagrams of the same oriented knot admit a smooth isotopy relative to the two endpoints and collars, and a finite relative Reidemeister movie. The moving-ball and terminal Alexander-scaling constructions, and the spatial-cutoff general-position proof, are supplied by Cut tangles of marked knots have relative Reidemeister movies, proof steps 1.1–6.1.
Every local move away from the mark induces a bigraded chain homotopy equivalence of the reduced quotient complexes; all local chain maps and homotopies commute with before quotienting (Khovanov complexes are chain homotopy equivalent under Reidemeister moves).
A cochain homotopy equivalence induces mutually inverse maps on cohomology (A chain homotopy, A chain homotopy equivalence).
Proof
Under AC in [F1], apply [F3] to and . Its moving-ball construction uses the compact isotopy-extension clause of [F2]. It gives a finite Reidemeister movie of their cut one-interval diagrams whose endpoints and short product collars remain fixed throughout. Closing the boundary collars by the same crossing-free cap recovers the two based diagrams. In each resolution this closure replaces the distinguished interval by the based circle and adds no crossing, so it preserves , cohomological degree and reduced quantum degree. The quotient/interval identification is the one proved in the defining reduced-complex item.
Every interior R1, R2 or R3 in the movie avoids the distinguished end collars. By [F4], its chain maps and contractions descend to the reduced quotient. A planar isotopy of the tangle identifies resolution factors and preserves every signed edge map; it fixes the distinguished interval and its degree-zero module. Thus each movie segment gives a bigraded chain homotopy equivalence of the reduced complexes. By [F5], the induced cohomology maps are mutually inverse, and finite composition gives the asserted isomorphisms in every .
Taking a movie with just one local move gives the based-move clause. Taking the same diagram with two marks gives the basepoint-transport clause by [F3]; orientation-preserving reparametrization of the single knot circle can carry either mark to the other. The relative supplier proves this case using an actual isotopy of cut arcs and fixed collars, so no relative-boundary statement for closed-link isotopies is being assumed. Together with step 2.1 this proves the full Statement. AC is used only through that supplier's isotopy extension and transversality, and the local algebra is choice-free.
Depends on
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
- Cut tangles of marked knots have relative Reidemeister movies
- Reduced Khovanov cohomology of a knot
- Reidemeister's theorem for oriented diagrams
- Khovanov complexes are chain homotopy equivalent under Reidemeister moves
- The isotopy extension theorem
- General-position isotopies of links
- Generic isotopies have only Reidemeister singular times
- A chain homotopy
- A chain homotopy equivalence
Used by
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Sources
- Mikhail Khovanov, A categorification of the Jones polynomial, arXiv:math/9908171v2, §§8.1–8.4 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Dror Bar-Natan, On Khovanov's categorification of the Jones polynomial, Algebraic & Geometric Topology 2 (2002), §§3.5.1–3.5.5 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Melissa Zhang, Notes on Khovanov homology, arXiv:2501.03115v1, §6.3.4 (standard reference, not scraped)