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Riemann extension across a holomorphic hypersurface zero set
Statement
Let be a domain, let be holomorphic and not identically zero, and let be holomorphic. Assume that is locally bounded near every point of . Then there is a unique holomorphic extension with .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The domain , the nonzero holomorphic function , and the locally bounded holomorphic function on .
One-variable locally bounded holomorphic functions extend across isolated punctures (Characterizations of removable singularities).
After an invertible complex-linear coordinate change, a nonzero germ becomes regular in the last variable; that regular germ admits a Weierstrass preparation, and the resulting prepared polynomial has a fixed zero count on nearby slices (After a linear coordinate change, every nonzero germ is regular in the last variable, Weierstrass preparation theorem, Nearby slices of a regular germ have the same zero count).
A contour integral is holomorphic in one complex parameter, the polydisc Cauchy formula specializes to the usual one-variable formula, and a locally bounded separately holomorphic function is holomorphic (A contour integral of a jointly continuous, parameter-holomorphic integrand is holomorphic, The iterated Cauchy integral formula on a polydisc, Locally bounded and separately holomorphic implies holomorphic).
Holomorphic functions are separately holomorphic, and vanishing on a nonempty open subset of a domain forces global vanishing (A holomorphic function of several variables is continuous and separately holomorphic, A holomorphic function vanishing on a nonempty open subset of a domain vanishes identically).
Proof
Uniqueness is immediate from [L4]: if two holomorphic extensions agree with on , then their difference vanishes on the nonempty open set and hence vanishes identically on the domain .
Fix . The germ of at is nonzero, else [L4] would make vanish identically on . To prove local extendability at , we may translate to and compose with the invertible complex-linear coordinate change from [L2], because holomorphicity, local boundedness, and the existence of a local extension are preserved under such coordinate changes. After that change, [L2] makes the germ of regular in and then yields a smaller product neighbourhood on which with Weierstrass, nowhere zero, and for . Shrinking once more if needed, stays nonzero on this neighbourhood, so there. The compact boundary cylinder is therefore disjoint from , so is holomorphic on a neighbourhood of it and hence bounded there.
Fix . The slice is holomorphic on the disc with the finitely many zeros of removed. By step 1.2 it is bounded near each removed point, so [L1] extends that slice holomorphically across all of them. Call the extended slice .
Define Fixing all variables except one coordinate, [L4] makes the integrand holomorphic in that coordinate and [L3] makes the corresponding slice of holomorphic. The boundedness from step 1.2 and the ML estimate make locally bounded. Hence [L3] makes holomorphic on .
For fixed , the one-variable Cauchy formula from [L3] applied to the holomorphic slice extension from step 2.1 shows that the integral in step 2.2 equals for every . In particular, when this value is the original . So step 2.2 gives a local holomorphic extension in the chosen coordinates, and undoing the coordinate change extends across the original point . By step 1.1 these local extensions agree on overlaps, and therefore glue to a unique global holomorphic extension on .
Depends on
- Characterizations of removable singularities
- Locally bounded and separately holomorphic implies holomorphic
- After a linear coordinate change, every nonzero germ is regular in the last variable
- Nearby slices of a regular germ have the same zero count
- Weierstrass preparation theorem
- A holomorphic function vanishing on a nonempty open subset of a domain vanishes identically
- The iterated Cauchy integral formula on a polydisc
- A contour integral of a jointly continuous, parameter-holomorphic integrand is holomorphic
- A holomorphic function of several variables is continuous and separately holomorphic
Used by
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Sources
- Jiří Lebl, Tasty Bits of Several Complex Variables, Theorem 1.6.1 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Jaap Korevaar and Jan Wiegerinck, Several Complex Variables, Theorem 4.7.2 (standard reference, not scraped)