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Whitney approximation for manifold-valued maps
Statement
Let be a continuous map between smooth manifolds. Then there exists a smooth map homotopic to .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A continuous map .
The target manifold admits a proper Euclidean embedding (The weak Whitney proper embedding theorem).
Continuous Euclidean-valued maps admit smooth approximations with any positive continuous error function, and those approximations can be forced into a prescribed tubular neighbourhood (Whitney approximation for Euclidean-valued maps, A fine Euclidean approximation lands in a prescribed tubular neighbourhood).
A closed embedded submanifold has a tubular neighbourhood in its ambient manifold, and homotopy is a continuous map on a product with (The tubular neighbourhood theorem in a smooth ambient manifold, Homotopies of continuous maps, homotopies relative to a subspace, and path homotopies relative to the endpoints).
Proof
Choose a proper embedding from [L1]. By [L3], the embedded image has a tubular neighbourhood with smooth retraction .
Apply the fine-approximation lemma from [L2] to the continuous map and the tubular neighbourhood , obtaining a positive continuous error function whose -ball around lies in . Then use the Euclidean Whitney theorem from [L2] to obtain a smooth map with for all , hence with image in .
Define This map is smooth. For each and , the point stays in the same -ball around , hence stays in by step 2.1. Since fixes pointwise, the formula is therefore well defined and continuous on , and it gives a homotopy from to in the sense of [L3].
Depends on
- The weak Whitney proper embedding theorem
- Whitney approximation for Euclidean-valued maps
- A fine Euclidean approximation lands in a prescribed tubular neighbourhood
- The tubular neighbourhood theorem in a smooth ambient manifold
- Homotopies of continuous maps, homotopies relative to a subspace, and path homotopies relative to the endpoints
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- John M. Lee, Introduction to Smooth Manifolds, 2nd ed., Smooth Approximation of Maps Between Manifolds (standard reference, not scraped)