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TheoremStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-generatedprecheck passaudited 2026-08-30
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Every discrete effective divisor on a plane domain is the zero divisor of a holomorphic function

Statement

Let ΩC be a plane domain, and let AΩ be discrete with multiplicities m(a)N. Then there is a holomorphic function F on Ω whose zero at each aA has order exactly m(a) and which has no other zeros.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A plane domain Ω and a discrete effective divisor aAm(a)[a] on Ω.

[L1]

The elementary factor Ep(w) has its only zero at w=1 (Weierstrass elementary factors).

[L2]

If w1, then 1Ep(w)wp+1 (The unit-disc estimate for Weierstrass elementary factors).

[L3]

A normally convergent product of holomorphic factors is holomorphic and has exactly the zeros contributed by its factors (Normally convergent products define holomorphic functions with the expected zeros).

[L4]

If m0 and (an) is a discrete sequence of nonzero complex numbers, then a product zmnEpn(z/an) is entire and has exactly the order-m zero at 0 and the listed nonzero zeros with multiplicity (Weierstrass product theorem on the complex plane).

Proof

technique · constructive
1.1

List the points of A with each a repeated m(a) times. If the list is finite, the corresponding finite polynomial works (with F1 for the empty list). If the list is infinite and Ω=C, let m0 be the multiplicity of 0 and enumerate the remaining nonzero terms as (an). Fact [L4] applied to m0 and (an) gives the required entire function. Thus assume CΩ. Define D:={zΩ:dist(z,CΩ)<1z+1}. Split the repeated list into (bj), consisting of the terms in D, and (cj), consisting of the remaining terms.

L4givenconstructcases
2.1

For each bj, choose pjCΩ with bjpj=dist(bj,CΩ). If (bj) is infinite, then bjpj0: otherwise a subsequence stays a fixed positive distance from the boundary, while the defining inequality for D keeps that subsequence bounded, producing a limit point in Ω. Define Qj(z):=Ej ⁣(bjpjzpj). Each Qj is holomorphic on Ω and, by [L1], has its only zero at z=bj.

L1step 1.1choosealgebra
2.2

If (cj) is infinite, then cj. Indeed, a bounded subsequence would have a limit point; discreteness excludes a limit in Ω, while cjD gives dist(cj,CΩ)1cj+1, which excludes a boundary limit. Let m0 be the multiplicity of 0 in this list and enumerate its nonzero terms as (dj). Then dj, so [L4] gives an entire function F2(z)=zm0jEpj(z/dj) whose zeros, with repetition, are exactly the cj. If the list is finite, take the corresponding finite polynomial, and if it is empty, take F21.

L4step 1.1casesalgebra
3.1

Fix a compact set KΩ and put d:=dist(K,CΩ)>0. For all sufficiently large j, supzKbjpjzpjbjpjd12. Hence [L2] gives supzK1Qj(z)2j1 after increasing the starting index if necessary. Thus jQj is normally convergent on Ω, and [L3] gives a holomorphic function F1 whose zeros, with repetition, are exactly the bj.

L2L3step 2.1algebra
4.1

The product F:=F1F2 is holomorphic on Ω. Steps 3.1 and 2.2 show that its zeros are exactly the original points aA, and repetition in the list gives each zero order m(a).

step 3.1step 2.2discharge-construct

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