Alphabeta Math
LemmaStatement: AI-generatedProof: AI-generated
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Slack entropy thresholds preserve the quantitative synchronization bound

Statement

Assume countable choice. Fix 0<ε<1 and γ>1+ε. Put μ=γlog⁡n, p=μ/n and α=8/μ. Put I(x)=xlog⁡x−x+1 for x>0 and β=(γ+1+ε)/2. Let 0<a<1<b be the unique lower and upper branch roots of γI(x)=β. There is a constant C=C(γ,ε)>0 such that, for all sufficiently large integers n, the loop-free independent-edge graph G(n,p) is an (n,μ,α,a/2−1,b)-expander and is globally synchronizing, with probability at least 1−Cn−ε. Global synchrony means convergence of the rotating-frame trajectory of the identical Kuramoto flow to a fully synchronized state for phase-volume almost every initial phase. The cutoff and constants may depend on both parameters; no exact unshifted-root Laplacian bound is asserted.

Facts & Assumptions

[F1]

The graph law and binomial degree laws are those of Erdős–Rényi random graph and high probability and Single-vertex degree laws and the shared-edge dependence. Entropy I(x)=xlog⁡x−x+1 has lower and upper inverse branches; in particular I(a)=I(b)=β/γ has unique solutions 0<a<1<b whenever 0<β<γ (Entropy rates, inverse branches and shifted root contracts).

[F2]

For fixed x>0 and integer k=xμ+O(1), the mass of Bin⁡(n−1,p) is Θ(n−γI(x)/log⁡n) (Exact logarithmic binomial masses at bounded distance from an entropy root). Exact adjacent mass ratios follow from The Binomial count has its usual probability mass function. Probabilities and expectations are finite sums (Expectation of a real random variable on a finite probability space).

[F3]

At fixed γ>1, P(∥A−pJ∥≥8μ)≤2n−γ for all sufficiently large n (The restricted spectral estimate needed above the connectivity threshold). This completed supplier imports independent nonbacktracking estimates; it does not rely on the article's all-γ Corollary 6.6.

[F4]

A norm bound ∥A−pJ∥≤αμ together with (1+c−+α)μ≤dmin⁡≤dmax⁡≤(1+c+−α)μ gives the two-sided expander predicate of Two-sided spectral expander — Definition 1.9 by Degree control implies two-sided expansion — Proposition 3.2.

[F5]

Under countable choice, an expander with positive reference degree, c−>−1, 0<α≤1/5, and 32α(1+4c+−3c−)(1+c−)−2log⁡((1+c++α)/(2α))<1 is globally synchronizing (General two-sided spectral criterion — Theorem 1.10, The Axiom of Countable Choice (AC_ω), Globally synchronizing graph — Definition 1.1).

[F6]

The natural logarithm is strictly increasing and onto the real line, hence unbounded, and log⁡x/xr→0 for every r>0 as x→∞ (Order, continuity, range, and the product, quotient, and reciprocal laws for the natural logarithm, The logarithm grows more slowly than every positive real power).

Proof

Given: The parameters and choice hypothesis in the Statement.

Goal: Prove quantitative synchrony with sound, slack expansion parameters.

1.1F1F2givenchoosealgebra

Put δ=(γ−1−ε)/2>0 and β=1+ε+δ=(γ+1+ε)/2<γ. By [F1], the a,b in the Statement exist uniquely on the specified branches and satisfy γI(a)=γI(b)=β. For X∼Bin⁡(n−1,p), write fj=P(X=j). At k−=⌊aμ⌋ and k+=⌈bμ⌉, [F2] gives fk±=O(n−β/log⁡n). For 1≤j≤k− the ratio fj−1/fj=j(1−p)/((n−j)p) is at most a fixed ρ−<1 eventually, since its maximum tends to a<1. For k+≤j<n−1, fj+1/fj=(n−1−j)p/((j+1)(1−p)) is at most a fixed ρ+<1, since its maximum tends to 1/b<1. Summing the two geometric bounds gives P(X≤k−)+P(X≥k+)=O(n−β/log⁡n).

2.1F1F2F3step 1.1algebra

For any finite family of events, its union indicator is at most the sum of their indicators. Thus [F2] and step 1.1 give P(dmin⁡≤k− or dmax⁡≥k+)=O(n1−β/log⁡n)=O(n−ε). On its complement dmin⁡>aμ and dmax⁡<bμ, with no integer rounding loss. By [F3] the adjacency norm is below αμ except with probability 2n−γ=O(n−ε). No independence between these three exceptional events is required.

3.1F4F5F6step 2.1algebra

Set c~−=a/2−1>−1, c~+=b. By [F6], eventually 0<α≤min⁡{a/2,1/5}. On the good event from step 2.1, (1+c~−+α)μ≤aμ<dmin⁡ and dmax⁡<bμ≤(1+c~+−α)μ. Hence [F4] gives the stated expander. Its reference degree μ is positive. The coefficient 32(1+4c~+−3c~−)/(1+c~−)2 is a fixed positive constant. For 0<α≤1, log⁡((1+b+α)/(2α))≤log⁡((b+2)/2)+log⁡(1/α); [F6] implies αlog⁡(1/α)→0. Thus the strict numerical hypothesis in [F5] holds eventually.

4.1F3F5step 2.1step 3.1algebra∎

Increase the cutoff to include all supplier cutoffs and the inequalities of step 3.1. Then [F5] gives global synchrony on the same good event. Step 2.1 bounds its complement by Cn−ε for a constant depending only on the fixed parameters. This proves the complete claimed probability bound, and hence also the weaker C(log⁡n)4n−ε bound for large n. All input estimates are independent of the refuted shifted-root proposition.

Depends on

Used by · 1

Dependency tree · 2 levels

Each result is drawn at its shortest distance from this item. Arrows run from prerequisites to the items that use them; this item has a heavier outline. External source nodes link directly to the cited text. The view shows up to two dependency steps; open a prerequisite to continue.