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The radius of a graph section is bounded on a compact boundary collar
Statement
Let be a connected smooth Riemannian manifold with compact boundary , with smooth positive metric up to . Suppose a diffeomorphism supplies the interior graph parameterization. Write . Assume is bounded on for some . Then every fixed compact smooth boundary collar has bounded on . No continuous extension of the graph height or of to is assumed.
Facts & Assumptions
A smooth compact boundary admits a smooth collar; work in ZFC, hence with countable choice. Collar neighborhood theorem The Axiom of Choice A compact boundary collar is a restriction of a smooth collar embedding to within its parameter domain. Smooth collars of a manifold boundary
Riemannian distance is defined by lengths of piecewise smooth paths, and induces the manifold topology. Riemannian distance on a connected manifold The riemannian distance topology is the manifold topology
A Riemannian metric is a smooth positive-definite tensor, with boundaries allowed where stated; a diffeomorphism has a smooth inverse; and the differential of a smooth real-valued function satisfies . Riemannian metric and riemannian manifold Diffeomorphisms and local diffeomorphisms of manifolds The differential of a smooth real-valued function The smooth structure at the boundary is a maximal compatible atlas of half-space charts, with transition maps smooth in the local-extension sense. Smooth charts, atlases, and structures with boundary
The standard smooth step function is smooth, vanishes on , and equals one on . math:def-the-standard-smooth-step-function
Differentials of smooth compositions obey the chain rule. For a covector , write ; thus . The Riemannian speed is , and length is the sum of its integrals over the smooth pieces. The chain rule for differentials of smooth maps Riemannian speed and length
Continuous real functions on a compact interval are Riemann integrable; the integral is monotone, additive over intervals, and linear in continuous integrands. If a scalar function is continuous on the closed interval, differentiable inside, and its derivative has a Riemann-integrable extension, Newton–Leibniz identifies its endpoint difference with that integral. Continuous functions have an oriented Riemann integral The oriented Riemann integral is linear in continuous integrands Newton–Leibniz needs only continuity on [a,b], differentiability on (a,b), and a Riemann-integrable extension of the interior derivative
Proof
**Given:**The hypotheses in the Statement.
Goal: Establish the stated conclusion.
With the standard step function of F4, put and on . Then is smooth, constant for , and equal to for . Its derivative is bounded, since vanishes outside and is continuous on that compact interval. By the chain rule, . Its norm is bounded on the far end by the hypothesis, zero near , and bounded on the transition annulus because is compact in and is smooth and positive there. Thus throughout for some finite .
Let be a piecewise smooth interior path from to . On each smooth piece with parameter interval , the chain rule and the covector norm give . Both derivative and speed are continuous on the closed piece, so F6 applies. Newton–Leibniz, monotonicity, and linearity give . Taking absolute values, summing the finitely many endpoint increments, and using the length definition yields .
On the fixed collar, smoothness and compactness bound the lengths of collar-coordinate segments from to . On the compact connected outer collar face, paths from a fixed point to its other points have uniformly bounded lengths, using finitely many coordinate charts (for multiple boundary components use one fixed point on each, finitely many since is compact). Concatenating gives a uniform finite path-length bound to a finite collection of fixed interior points for every collar point with . Step 2.1 then bounds there, and hence bounds since at large . This uses only smooth collar geometry, not boundary extension of stationary graph coordinates.
Depends on
- Collar neighborhood theorem
- The Axiom of Choice
- Riemannian distance on a connected manifold
- The riemannian distance topology is the manifold topology
- Riemannian metric and riemannian manifold
- Diffeomorphisms and local diffeomorphisms of manifolds
- The differential of a smooth real-valued function
- The standard smooth step function
- The chain rule for differentials of smooth maps
- Riemannian speed and length
- Continuous functions have an oriented Riemann integral
- The oriented Riemann integral is linear in continuous integrands
- Newton–Leibniz needs only continuity on [a,b], differentiability on (a,b), and a Riemann-integrable extension of the interior derivative
- Smooth charts, atlases, and structures with boundary
- Smooth collars of a manifold boundary
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