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Weak original data furnish the one recovery family and pole
Statement
In the regular stationary vacuum setting with the original maximal exterior section, mass one and , choose the original stationary end coordinates so that agrees with the supplied spacetime orientation . Every Hodge star below uses this same . Orient the original section by its future unit normal and , and orient toward the exterior end; orient the original end spheres outward. Thus the compact original-section annulus has oriented boundary .
There is one choice of the normalized potential , common pole and smooth stationary , with its invariant horizon gauge and weak original end decay, for which the regular Harrison formulas define one family on a common region , where is a neighborhood of and . Every is Lorentzian. The metric is jointly smooth in parameter and spacetime up to both parameter endpoints, locally on . Each is spacetime-smooth through ; the family is jointly smooth for and continuous on in , meaning that every spacetime derivative of its chart coefficients varies continuously, uniformly on compact chart subsets. Differentiability of in at is not asserted. The endpoint is .
For each these fields satisfy the source-free geometric electrovacuum equations on :
All raised indices in this equation use , with the curvature convention of the geometric electrovacuum definition. For a compact oriented smooth embedded surface without boundary, homologous to through compact smooth chains in , including and each large original end sphere, the flux convention and conclusion are
The local Hawking and circle fields preserve this same family near , and its horizon branches retain the same Hawking generator and signed boost normalization. All these data use the same gauge and pole. The original maximal slice is retained. No application of the stronger global GR/SBS construction theorem is made. Work in the inherited ZFC convention.
The original-section maximality used here is assumed on the actual physical exterior section , with the original metric , so . The selected physical end retains its stated mass-one normalization. Maximality of an independently labelled chart-side section or another supplied maximal section does not replace this premise. No equality between the hypersurface identification and the physical stationary end chart is assumed. Regular non-degenerate stationary vacuum spacetime Spacelike sections, maximality and lapse–shift data
Statement references
Stationary vacuum model and asymptotic normalization
Regular non-degenerate stationary vacuum spacetime
Remark 1.3: lapse bounds and stationary product
Closed Ernst form and existence of normalized potential
Local Hawking and axial fields, boost and pole
Equivariant global Harrison primitive under weak original data
Smooth transverse horizon branches are the null axes of the normal tube
Normal boost action and invariant two-forms at a fixed surface
The geodesic initial-value problem and the exponential map of the metric-selected connection
Metric compatibility, torsion freedom and the metric-selected connection class
Bifurcate Killing horizons, rotation and normalization
Transverse embedded submanifolds intersect in the expected codimension
Invertibility, Lorentz signature and stationary norm
Mass-one convention and Harrison denominator
Stationary Harrison one-form and metric
Single-potential construction of the Harrison one-form family
The mass-one Killing form has electric seed flux minus four pi
Harrison spatial two-form differs from the seed by an integrable tail
Positive-parameter Harrison charge limits in the original end chart
Closed electric and magnetic two-forms transfer their periods to the horizon
The zero Harrison parameter follows from continuity on one fixed sphere
Facts & Assumptions
Use the original regular stationary vacuum geometry, its product, normalized Ernst potential and local commuting Hawking/circle fields and pole. Stationary vacuum model and asymptotic normalization Regular non-degenerate stationary vacuum spacetime Remark 1.3: lapse bounds and stationary product Closed Ernst form and existence of normalized potential Local Hawking and axial fields, boost and pole
The weak-data primitive supplies one smooth stationary , locally -invariant, with , and original-section spatial coefficients . Equivariant global Harrison primitive under weak original data
Use , , , , and . The electromagnetic formula is , with and . The family definition gives . Once and are established locally below, the rank-one result gives the Lorentzian metric with its transported time orientation. Mass-one convention and Harrison denominator Stationary Harrison one-form and metric Harrison electromagnetic form Single-potential construction of the Harrison one-form family Invertibility, Lorentz signature and stationary norm
The seed-flux lemma uses precisely the compatible end orientation and outward spheres fixed in the Statement. The end-restriction and positive-parameter lemmas require only the weak original end bounds and fixed-positive-parameter estimates. The closed-flux lemma allows the actual compact section annulus with boundary , and the endpoint lemma requires continuity on one fixed compact oriented sphere. The mass-one Killing form has electric seed flux minus four pi Harrison spatial two-form differs from the seed by an integrable tail Positive-parameter Harrison charge limits in the original end chart Closed electric and magnetic two-forms transfer their periods to the horizon The zero Harrison parameter follows from continuity on one fixed sphere
The geometric electrovacuum definition supplies the curvature, oriented Hodge, equations and electric/magnetic flux conventions. Geometric electrovacuum equations and charge convention
For the smooth transverse chronological end-boundaries and a smooth outward section collar lying in the exterior, the exterior-quadrant lemma identifies the exterior in the normal-exponential tube with . Here is the original section's future unit normal and points toward its exterior side. Smooth transverse horizon branches are the null axes of the normal tube
A Killing field vanishing on with the supplied normal boost matrix has flow differential equal to that boost on the normal plane and the identity on . The metric-selected connection is the unique torsion-free metric-compatible connection, and its geodesics have unique prescribed initial data. These facts allow the local isometry action to be transported through the exponential map. Normal boost action and invariant two-forms at a fixed surface Metric compatibility, torsion freedom and the metric-selected connection class The geodesic initial-value problem and the exponential map of the metric-selected connection
A Killing horizon has a dense nonzero-generator part on which its Killing field is tangent and normal; the signed surface gravity is specified by the ambient covector equation. The local Hawking-field supplier's Proof 4.1 supplies these null generators and the equations with signs and on the original branches. Bifurcate Killing horizons, rotation and normalization Local Hawking and axial fields, boost and pole
Under the regular stationary-vacuum hypotheses, the original stationary end coefficient equals the ADM energy of the original exterior section, . The mass-one normalization on this same section gives , hence in its stationary Cartesian end. The resulting bounds are , and . For the normalized potential in F1, the Ernst-decay supplier therefore gives , and in that chart. Positive stationary mass from the bifurcate vacuum boundary Mass-one convention and Harrison denominator Regular non-degenerate stationary vacuum spacetime Mass-one Ernst and radial primitive asymptotics
The original outer-section supplier gives and its ambient closure , a smooth spherical exterior with compact boundary. Choose its supplied adapted topological identification with , and write , so that and . This identification may require inversion of the originally specified spherical chart. It is separate from the physical stationary end chart with . The same supplier gives nested compact smooth physical-end truncations , bounded by and , which exhaust . Its Proof 4.1 proves that the physical closed tails are closed in and disjoint from . Consequently each truncation contains a relative neighborhood of . The exterior Cauchy component has a complete asymptotically Euclidean closure
For transverse embedded submanifolds, the tangent space of their intersection is the intersection of their tangent spaces. This applies to the two smooth transverse horizon branches meeting in . Transverse embedded submanifolds intersect in the expected codimension
The flow of a smooth vector field tangent to a closed embedded submanifold preserves that submanifold at every defined flow point. Apply this on the common neighborhood containing the compact embedded sphere . The flow of a vector field tangent to a closed embedded submanifold preserves it
External input
Source 0, Appendix A.2, supplies the local Einstein–Maxwell identity for the regular formulas under the stationary vacuum, Ernst, curl, contraction and positivity hypotheses in that citation. Its compatible-jet argument includes nonzero null ; its final smoothness argument includes the zero locus of a nontrivial Killing field. This imported differential calculation is used below under these exact local hypotheses. It is distinct from the source's stronger global construction theorem.
Proof
Given: The complete hypotheses and conventions in the Statement and Facts.
Goal: Establish all contracts for one compatible family without changing the original maximal section.
Choose the end chart compatible with : if necessary reflect one spatial coordinate. This preserves , the original section, mass and all weak Cartesian decay bounds. The future-normal orientation of the original section then agrees with on the end. The original outer-section supplier [F10] gives a compact smooth annulus in the original section for every sufficiently large . The chosen orientation toward infinity on is opposite to its inner-boundary orientation, so with the outward end-sphere orientation. This verifies the orientation and bounding hypotheses in [F4] without a condition on the transformed section being spacelike.
The regular definition gives the two smooth transverse null chronological end-boundaries through and the smooth spacelike original section. By [F1] and [F10], its exterior side is exactly and its stationary-flow product is . The adapted topological section coordinates chosen in [F10] give a smooth collar corresponding to , for and small; its positive-parameter points belong to . Thus every hypothesis of [F6] holds, with the original section's future unit normal and its unit normal toward increasing . It gives in the normal-exponential tube, the precise outward-wedge attachment required by [F2].
Apply the boost assertion in [F7] to the and normal frame from [F1]. Its hypotheses hold because and its normal boost matrix is with . A local -isometry preserves the metric-selected connection: transporting the connection preserves torsion freedom and metric compatibility, so uniqueness in [F7] identifies it with the original connection. Geodesic initial-value uniqueness then gives wherever the local maps are defined. In the tube of step 1.2 put and . The boost therefore acts as . This establishes the constant nonzero normal boost action required by [F2], before any primitive is selected.
First verify the circle-preservation hypothesis of [F2]. By [F11], , and regularity gives for every . If , the relation and would give , contrary to the Statement. Thus , and is tangent to . The compact embedded sphere is closed in the common smooth neighborhood on which is defined. Apply [F12] there: every defined -flow map sends into , and its inverse flow gives equality. Hence the supplied period- circle action preserves . Now apply [F2] with , and the actual original exterior section, whose maximality is stipulated in the Statement. The stationary-flow product in [F1] uses this same section. The physical truncations in [F10] are compact and smooth, nested and exhausting, have boundary , and contain a relative neighborhood of ; their physical closed tails are closed and disjoint from . Thus they meet the primitive's end-attachment hypotheses with separate radii and , without any coordinate identification. Step 1.2 verifies its outward-wedge hypothesis, and step 2.1 verifies its constant nonzero normal boost hypothesis independently of . By [F9], the original ADM mass-one convention identifies , so the unchanged original end has exactly the weak mass-one coefficient bounds required by [F2], with future timelike on a far tail. Together with the commuting fields, circle action, common pole and normalized Ernst potential from [F1], all hypotheses of [F2] now hold. Choose its one , smooth across and locally -invariant, with and original-section spatial coefficients . Apply the original lapse/product result in [F1] using the assumed maximality of this actual ; it gives on . Since lies in the spacelike original section, on . Directly from [F3], is positive on for and equals for , so on . On , and . Intersect the preceding common working neighborhood of with the open set , which contains , and call the result . On this same for every , , hence . At the common pole , so . The family normalization in [F3] now gives . All hypotheses of the rank-one result in [F3] hold on : the original stationary Lorentzian data, supplied normalized potential, zero , smooth stationary , contraction identity and positive . It therefore makes Lorentzian there for every , with the stated time orientation. This argument uses maximality only on the physical and does not identify the independent charts.
Fix that and use exactly the formulas in [F3] for all parameters. Their curl and contraction normalization are the local hypotheses of source 0, and the positivity hypotheses were proved in step 3.1. Apply the imported local non-null and compatible-null calculation and its zero-locus extension. This proves the displayed electrovacuum equations on , in the conventions of [F5], without using a global construction theorem.
The coefficients of , and are polynomial in with fixed smooth spacetime coefficients. Since , the reciprocals and hence and are jointly smooth locally, with local extensions across both parameter endpoints. Set ; it too is jointly smooth locally up to both endpoints. Then . Every spacetime derivative of is continuous and bounded on compact parameter-chart subsets, so multiplication by the continuous scalar factor proves the asserted continuity of and on . For that scalar is locally smooth as well. At , , , , and the scalar factor is zero; thus .
Work on one connected neighborhood of where the local fields and the chosen are defined. For , the commutator and imply invariance of , , and ; the local isometry flows preserve the fixed orientation and hence the Hodge star. Therefore by the Ernst equation. Both and vanish at the common pole , so and the constant is zero on this connected neighborhood. The chosen primitive is -invariant by step 3.1. Consequently , and then in [F3], are preserved by these same fields for every . This proves symmetry for the actual weak-end-decay primitive, without identifying it with another existential witness.
By [F9], on the unchanged original end, , the metric has the weak bounds and the spatial coefficients of are . The seed-form and spatial-Hodge estimates in [F4] give exactly the end-restriction hypotheses. For each fixed , the positive-parameter charge lemma therefore gives end limits with the orientations of step 1.1. The two smooth Maxwell forms in step 4.1 are closed on the original annulus and through its boundary . Applying the compact-cobordism case of the closed-flux lemma to gives equality of their integrals on and . Taking the end limit proves the same flux pair on and every such . The homologous-surface clause transfers it to each in the Statement.
In the tube and boost coordinates established in steps 1.2 and 2.1, the two horizon axes supplied by [F6] are and . Every point on either axis sufficiently near has a half-orbit staying in the tube and tending to its base point in : shrink the nonzero coordinate exponentially in the appropriate time direction; the resulting explicit curve is an integral curve on that whole half-line. By step 4.3, is constant on that curve, and its limit is zero since . Thus on both branches, for this chosen family. By [F8], is the original null normal generator; tangency of to each branch gives there.
On the one fixed compact oriented sphere , step 4.2 verifies the continuity hypotheses of the endpoint lemma in [F4]. Its fixed-sphere limit extends the identities from to on . The closed-flux lemma then transfers these endpoint identities to every surface specified in the Statement, using the Maxwell equations at that endpoint. In particular the flux pair at is on every fixed large end sphere, so it has that same end limit. At it is , also directly from . No interchange of parameter and spatial-infinity limits is used.
Expand the rank-one metric in [F3] as . On either branch, step 5.2 gives . Hence remains tangent, null and normal on the unchanged nonzero-generator part. With step 4.3 and the Lorentzian character from step 3.1, these branches are Killing horizons in the sense of [F8]. At , makes , and invertibility makes invertible; thus is positive definite. Differentiating as a spacetime scalar, the vanishing of on each branch leaves . The signed seed equations in [F8] therefore give on and on . Their smooth zero extensions at retain these branch normalizations. The normal flow action, and hence its boost rate, is unchanged. All construction inputs use this one primitive, gauge and pole; the original maximal section was never replaced. Together with steps 4.1, 4.2, 5.1 and 6.1, this proves every Statement contract.
Source notes
These explicit premises specify the generated conditional result. They are not asserted to follow from the original regularity definition alone, and are not attributed to the original article. The immutable original extraction is unchanged; in particular, original Theorem 1.1 retains its unresolved source-assessment status.
Depends on
- Stationary vacuum model and asymptotic normalization
- Regular non-degenerate stationary vacuum spacetime
- Remark 1.3: lapse bounds and stationary product
- Closed Ernst form and existence of normalized potential
- Local Hawking and axial fields, boost and pole
- Equivariant global Harrison primitive under weak original data
- Smooth transverse horizon branches are the null axes of the normal tube
- Normal boost action and invariant two-forms at a fixed surface
- The geodesic initial-value problem and the exponential map of the metric-selected connection
- Metric compatibility, torsion freedom and the metric-selected connection class
- Bifurcate Killing horizons, rotation and normalization
- Transverse embedded submanifolds intersect in the expected codimension
- Invertibility, Lorentz signature and stationary norm
- Mass-one convention and Harrison denominator
- Stationary Harrison one-form and metric
- Harrison electromagnetic form
- Single-potential construction of the Harrison one-form family
- The mass-one Killing form has electric seed flux minus four pi
- Harrison spatial two-form differs from the seed by an integrable tail
- Positive-parameter Harrison charge limits in the original end chart
- Closed electric and magnetic two-forms transfer their periods to the horizon
- The zero Harrison parameter follows from continuity on one fixed sphere
- Geometric electrovacuum equations and charge convention
- Positive stationary mass from the bifurcate vacuum boundary
- Mass-one Ernst and radial primitive asymptotics
- The exterior Cauchy component has a complete asymptotically Euclidean closure
- Spacelike sections, maximality and lapse–shift data
- The flow of a vector field tangent to a closed embedded submanifold preserves it
- A. F. Radu, Rigidity of stationary black holes with small ADM angular momentum · Section 3.1 equation (3.1) and orientation paragraph; Section 3.2 equations (3.11)–(3.24); Appendix A.2 equations (A.12)–(A.25) and the following zero-locus and stationary-gauge paragraphs.
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External dependencies
For compatible stationary vacuum, Ernst and normalized-primitive data, the regular Harrison formulas satisfy the source-free geometric Einstein–Maxwell equations. Appendix A.2 verifies the non-null calculation, extends it to nonzero null stationary fields by compatible second-order jets, and extends to zeros by smoothness and density.
Hypotheses: Smooth stationary Ricci-flat four-metric of signature (-,+,+,+); oriented Hodge convention as in Section 3.1; F=one half dT-flat; d sigma=2 i_T(F+i star F); stationary W0 with dW0=4((f-1)F+psi star F) and W0(T)=d0-D0; Wq=(1-q)^2W0-4q(1-q)T-flat; 0<=q<=1; Dq>0 and Dq+Wq(T)>0.
Reading limits: Consulted the cited HTML equations and Appendix A.2, including the compatible-jet construction and final extension paragraphs. Import only this local differential identity; no reconstruction of that calculation or use of Proposition 3.1 as a global existence theorem is claimed.
Sources
- A. F. Radu, Rigidity of stationary black holes with small ADM angular momentum · Section 3.1 equation (3.1) and orientation paragraph; Section 3.2 equations (3.11)–(3.24); Appendix A.2 equations (A.12)–(A.25) and the following zero-locus and stationary-gauge paragraphs.