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If charkG, every finite-dimensional representation of G is completely reducible

Statement

Let G be a finite group, let k be a field with charkG, and let V be a finite-dimensional representation of G over k. Then V is completely reducible.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A finite group G, a field k with charkG, and a finite-dimensional representation V of G over k.

[L1]

A representation is completely reducible exactly when its underlying space is an internal direct sum of irreducible subrepresentations, and the zero representation is included by the empty direct sum (A completely reducible representation as a finite direct sum of irreducible subrepresentations).

[L2]

A representation is irreducible when it is nonzero and has no proper nonzero subrepresentation (Subrepresentations, direct sums of representations, and irreducibility).

[L3]

Under the characteristic hypothesis, every subrepresentation has a G-invariant complement (Maschke's theorem for finite groups over fields whose characteristic does not divide G).

[A1]

Every nonempty set of positive integers has a least element.

Proof

technique · induction
1.1

If V=0, then [L1] makes V completely reducible as the empty direct sum.

L1base
1.2

Assume now that dimkV>0, and as induction hypothesis suppose every representation of smaller dimension is completely reducible. Among the nonzero subrepresentations of V, choose one with least positive dimension, using [A1]. It is irreducible by [L2], since any proper nonzero subrepresentation would have smaller positive dimension. Call this irreducible subrepresentation W. By [L3], there is a subrepresentation U with V=WU.

A1L2L3givenihchoose
2.1

The subrepresentation W is nonzero, so dimkU<dimkV. The induction hypothesis therefore makes U completely reducible. Using [L1] to expand that decomposition and adjoining the irreducible summand W, one gets a direct-sum decomposition of V into irreducible subrepresentations. Hence V is completely reducible.

step 1.2L1discharge-induction

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