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If , every finite-dimensional representation of is completely reducible
Statement
Let be a finite group, let be a field with , and let be a finite-dimensional representation of over . Then is completely reducible.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A finite group , a field with , and a finite-dimensional representation of over .
A representation is completely reducible exactly when its underlying space is an internal direct sum of irreducible subrepresentations, and the zero representation is included by the empty direct sum (A completely reducible representation as a finite direct sum of irreducible subrepresentations).
A representation is irreducible when it is nonzero and has no proper nonzero subrepresentation (Subrepresentations, direct sums of representations, and irreducibility).
Under the characteristic hypothesis, every subrepresentation has a -invariant complement (Maschke's theorem for finite groups over fields whose characteristic does not divide ).
Every nonempty set of positive integers has a least element.
Proof
If , then [L1] makes completely reducible as the empty direct sum.
Assume now that , and as induction hypothesis suppose every representation of smaller dimension is completely reducible. Among the nonzero subrepresentations of , choose one with least positive dimension, using [A1]. It is irreducible by [L2], since any proper nonzero subrepresentation would have smaller positive dimension. Call this irreducible subrepresentation . By [L3], there is a subrepresentation with .
The subrepresentation is nonzero, so . The induction hypothesis therefore makes completely reducible. Using [L1] to expand that decomposition and adjoining the irreducible summand , one gets a direct-sum decomposition of into irreducible subrepresentations. Hence is completely reducible.
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Sources
- Peter Webb, A Course in Finite Group Representation Theory, Corollary 1.2.5 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Pavel Etingof et al., Introduction to Representation Theory, Theorem 3.1(i) (standard reference, not scraped)