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  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
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These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Affine space is normal

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Choice. Affine n-space Akn over an algebraically closed field k is normal: its coordinate ring k[x1,…,xn] is an integrally closed domain, so every local ring k[x1,…,xn]m is integrally closed as well.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: AC, the algebraically closed field k, the integer n≥0, affine n-space X=Akn with coordinate ring A=k[x1,…,xn], and a point x∈X with maximal ideal mx⊆A.

[F1]

A=k[x1,…,xn] is an integrally closed domain, and it is Noetherian, so it is a normal Noetherian ring in the sense of normal noetherian ring (Finite-variable polynomial algebras over fields are integrally closed, Every algebra of finite type over a Noetherian ring is a Noetherian ring, A classical affine variety).

[F2]

The local ring of X at x is the localisation OX,x≅Amx at the corresponding maximal ideal (The local ring at a point of an affine variety is the localization at its maximal ideal).

[F3]

A domain is integrally closed if and only if all of its maximal localisations are integrally closed (A domain is integrally closed if and only if its prime localisations are, equivalently if and only if its maximal localisations are); the Noetherian ring A is normal in the sense of normal noetherian ring precisely when its prime localisations are integrally closed domains.

[F4]

X is normal exactly when every local ring OX,x is an integrally closed domain (Normal points and normal varieties).

[F7]

AC is inherited through the classical localization, normalization, or finite-morphism suppliers cited above (The Axiom of Choice).

Proof

1.1F1F2F3givenF7

By [F1] the ring A is an integrally closed domain, so by the localisation criterion [F3] every maximal localisation Am is integrally closed; in particular, for each point x∈X the local ring OX,x≅Amx of [F2] is an integrally closed domain.

2.1F1F4step 1.1∎

Every point x∈X has an integrally closed local ring by step 1.1, so by [F4] affine space is normal. This uses no characteristic or perfectness hypothesis: the input [F1] holds over every field.

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