How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
AC supplies the countable and dependent choices used in Banach integration
Statement
In ZF, assume the Axiom of Choice. Then the Axiom of Countable Choice holds. Moreover, if is a serial relation on a nonempty set and , there is a sequence such that and for every . Thus AC supplies the prescribed-initial-point form of Dependent Choice.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: ZF and the Axiom of Choice.
AC supplies a choice function on any set of nonempty sets (The Axiom of Choice).
Countable Choice asks for a choice function on every countable family of nonempty sets (The Axiom of Countable Choice ()).
Prescribed-initial-point Dependent Choice asks for a sequence through any serial relation on a nonempty set, beginning at the supplied point (The axiom of dependent choice: a relation in which every element is related to something admits an -indexed chain).
A supplied self-map and starting point determine a unique sequence with and (The recursion theorem).
Proof
Let be a countable family of nonempty sets. Its image is a set of nonempty sets, so [F1] gives a choice function on . Define . Then for every , proving [F2]. Repeated members of the family cause no ambiguity because assigns them the same selected value. The empty subfamily has the empty choice function, and singleton members force their unique values.
Let , , and satisfy the second assertion. For put . Seriality makes every nonempty. Apply [F1] to the set , choose for every , and define . This is a well-defined self-map even if two successor sets coincide, and for every .
Apply [F4] to and . The resulting sequence satisfies and , hence by step 1.2. This is exactly [F3]. If is a singleton, seriality forces the constant sequence; the empty-set case is excluded by the supplied . AC is used only for the fixed-family selections in steps 1.1 and 1.2, while recursion makes no further choice.
Depends on
Used by
- c₀ is not isomorphic to a dual space Corollary
- Lambda identity minus compact has index zero Corollary
- One-dimensional W^1,p functions have unique absolutely continuous representatives Corollary
- Orthonormal eigenbasis for a compact self adjoint operator Corollary
- Positive, negative, and truncated Sobolev functions Corollary
- Sobolev maxima and minima form a lattice Corollary
- Spectrum of a compact operator is countable with only zero as possible accumulation Corollary
- The elliptic kernel and cokernel are finite dimensional Corollary
- An energy Navier–Stokes velocity on the square without endpoint-integrable pressure Counterexample
- Graded MINI mass initialization can destroy the smooth instantaneous pressure rate Counterexample
- Weakly measurable need not be strongly measurable Counterexample
- Anisotropic conductivity and weak Dirichlet-to-Neumann map Definition
- Coercive monotone p-growth diffusion fluxes Definition
- Compact-group isotypic projection Definition
- Haar averaging of bounded operators as a weak operator integral Definition
- Holomorphic and antiholomorphic discrete-series models Definition
- A clipped affine function keeps its zero region Example
- A Hilbert–Schmidt kernel operator is compact on L two Example
- A square-integrable kernel without a continuous representative Example
- A square-integrable separable product kernel Example
- Dunford--Pettis: dominated and concentrating families Example
- Finite-rank truncations of a square-integrable kernel Example
- Fredholm alternative for an integral equation Example
- Hilbert spaces have the Radon--Nikodym property Example
- The Dirichlet Laplacian generates the heat semigroup Example
- Weighted norm invariance for the inversion generator Example
- A positive rank-one Haar average is a nonzero compact intertwiner Lemma
- ACL representatives recover their weak gradients by Fubini Lemma
- Bounded restriction and cutoff localisation in Sobolev spaces Lemma
- Composite midpoint Nyström operators are collectively compact and consistent Lemma
- Extreme points of the dual ball of C(K) Lemma
- Finite-rank conjugation orbits are operator-norm continuous Lemma
- Fredholm splitting and parametrix Lemma
- Haar averaging projects contractively onto the bounded intertwiners Lemma
- Integrated pressure recovery and MINI pressure-primitive convergence Lemma
- KAK integration formula for K-bi-invariant functions on SL2(R) Lemma
- L² convolution on a compact group is Hilbert–Schmidt Lemma
- Local finite-dimensional reduction for a Fredholm map Lemma
- Local Taylor approximation on a Sobolev grid Lemma
- Logarithmic halfline heat mass loss at the pressure endpoint Lemma
…and 66 more results.
Dependency tree · two levels
17 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Thomas J. Jech, The Axiom of Choice, §2.4 (standard reference, not scraped)