How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
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These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
AC supplies the countable and dependent choices used in Banach integration
Statement
In ZF, assume the Axiom of Choice. Then the Axiom of Countable Choice holds. Moreover, if is a serial relation on a nonempty set and , there is a sequence such that and for every . Thus AC supplies the prescribed-initial-point form of Dependent Choice.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: ZF and the Axiom of Choice.
AC supplies a choice function on any set of nonempty sets (The Axiom of Choice).
Countable Choice asks for a choice function on every countable family of nonempty sets (The Axiom of Countable Choice ()).
Prescribed-initial-point Dependent Choice asks for a sequence through any serial relation on a nonempty set, beginning at the supplied point (The axiom of dependent choice: a relation in which every element is related to something admits an -indexed chain).
A supplied self-map and starting point determine a unique sequence with and (The recursion theorem).
Proof
Let be a countable family of nonempty sets. Its image is a set of nonempty sets, so [F1] gives a choice function on . Define . Then for every , proving [F2]. Repeated members of the family cause no ambiguity because assigns them the same selected value. The empty subfamily has the empty choice function, and singleton members force their unique values.
Let , , and satisfy the second assertion. For put . Seriality makes every nonempty. Apply [F1] to the set , choose for every , and define . This is a well-defined self-map even if two successor sets coincide, and for every .
Apply [F4] to and . The resulting sequence satisfies and , hence by step 1.2. This is exactly [F3]. If is a singleton, seriality forces the constant sequence; the empty-set case is excluded by the supplied . AC is used only for the fixed-family selections in steps 1.1 and 1.2, while recursion makes no further choice.
Depends on
Used by
- c₀ is not isomorphic to a dual space Corollary
- Weakly measurable need not be strongly measurable Counterexample
- Dunford--Pettis: dominated and concentrating families Example
- Hilbert spaces have the Radon--Nikodym property Example
- Sequence ell-one versus nonatomic L-one for the RNP Remark
- Dunford--Pettis for real L¹ on a finite measure space Theorem
- L¹[0,1] fails the Radon--Nikodym property Theorem
- Reflexive spaces have the Radon--Nikodym property Theorem
- RNP and almost-everywhere differentiability of Lipschitz curves Theorem
- Separable dual spaces have the Radon--Nikodym property Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
12 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Thomas J. Jech, The Axiom of Choice, §2.4 (standard reference, not scraped)