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Complex integration by parts on intervals and decaying lines
Statement
Assume countable choice. For complex functions on , , Lebesgue integration gives and . If instead , and as , then .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The stated functions, The Axiom of Countable Choice (), and the componentwise calculus/integration convention of Complex Lp classes and Euclidean test-function conventions.
Real integration by parts applies to functions on a closed interval (If are differentiable on with integrable, then ).
A bounded Riemann integrable real function on a closed interval has the same Lebesgue integral under countable choice (A bounded Riemann integrable function on a closed bounded interval is Lebesgue measurable and has the same integral).
The real FTC integrates an integrable derivative to its endpoint increment (The second fundamental theorem: if is differentiable on with and is integrable, then ).
Dominated convergence applies to complex integrable functions (Dominated convergence).
Proof
Write , . Apply F1 to the four real pairs . Subtract the second identity from the first and add times the sum of the last two. Since and , the result is the complex integration-by-parts identity. All integrands are continuous on the compact interval and hence bounded and Riemann integrable; F2 changes each real integral to a Lebesgue integral. Applying F3 to and the same F2 gives the complex FTC. This is the sole countable-choice use here.
For the whole-line assertion apply step 1.1 on . The truncated products converge pointwise to and and have integrable majorants and . F4 gives convergence of both integrals; the boundary term tends to zero by the two assumed limits. Passing to the limit proves the assertion. No separate integrability of or is required.
Depends on
- A bounded Riemann integrable function on a closed bounded interval is Lebesgue measurable and has the same integral
- If $u,v$ are differentiable on $[a,b]$ with $u',v'$ integrable, then $\int_a^b u v' = u(b)v(b)-u(a)v(a) - \int_a^b u'v$
- The second fundamental theorem: if $G$ is differentiable on $[a,b]$ with $G' = f$ and $f$ is integrable, then $\int_a^b f = G(b)-G(a)$
- Dominated convergence
- Complex Lp classes and Euclidean test-function conventions
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
Used by
- Normalized Hermite Fourier eigenfunctions Example
- Poisson kernel transform and Abel summability on the line Example
- Sinc-square integral from Plancherel Example
- Transform of an interval indicator Example
- Euclidean Gaussian transform with the 2π normalization Lemma
- Real L2 multipliers and unitary transport Lemma
- Fourier transform acts continuously on Schwartz space Theorem
- Heisenberg uncertainty and Gaussian equality Theorem
- Poisson summation for Schwartz functions Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
60 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Semyon Dyatlov, MIT 18.155 (2022) (standard reference, not scraped)