Alphabeta Math
LemmaStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-adaptedSession-authored (Fable 5 assisted)precheck passjudge pass (z-ai/glm-5.2)verified 2026-07-26 (claude-opus-5)
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The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced — the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted — a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated — a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

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Limits preserve non-strict inequalities

Statement

Let (xk)(x_k) and (yk)(y_k) be sequences of reals (Sequences of reals: bounded, eventually, frequently, tails, subsequences) converging to xx and yy respectively (Limits and Cauchy sequences of reals). If xkykx_k \le y_k eventually, that is for all kk from some index on, then

limkxk    limkyk.\lim_{k} x_k \;\le\; \lim_{k} y_k .

In particular, if xk0x_k \ge 0 eventually then limkxk0\lim_k x_k \ge 0, and if axkba \le x_k \le b eventually then alimkxkba \le \lim_k x_k \le b.

The conclusion is not strict, and cannot be made strict; see the remarks below and the false statement at the end of this page.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: Sequences (xk)(x_k), (yk)(y_k) of reals with (xk)(x_k) converging to xx, (yk)(y_k) converging to yy, and an index K0NK_0 \in \mathbb{N} with xkykx_k \le y_k for every kK0k \ge K_0 (Sequences of reals: bounded, eventually, frequently, tails, subsequences, Limits and Cauchy sequences of reals). Write zk:=ykxkz_k := y_k - x_k and z:=yxz := y - x.

[L1]

Convergence, quantified over rational ε>0\varepsilon > 0 (Limits and Cauchy sequences of reals).

[L2]

Difference rule: (zk)=(ykxk)(z_k) = (y_k - x_k) converges to yx=zy - x = z (Algebra of limits: sums, scalar multiples, products and quotients).

[L3]

Small rationals: for every real η>0\eta > 0 there is a rational ε\varepsilon with 0<ε<η0 < \varepsilon < \eta, by density (The rationals embed densely in the reals) or by the Archimedean property (Every complete ordered field is Archimedean) applied to 1/η1/\eta (Inverses of positives are positive, and reciprocation reverses order).

[L4]

Absolute value: u<c|u| < c if and only if c<u<c-c < u < c, for c>0c > 0 (Basic properties of the absolute value).

[L5]

Order arithmetic in R\mathbb{R}: adding a constant preserves << and \le; uvu \le v and v<wv < w give u<wu < w; trichotomy, so exactly one of z<0z < 0, z=0z = 0, z>0z > 0 holds and the negation of z<0z < 0 is z0z \ge 0; uvu \le v if and only if vu0v - u \ge 0; and u<uu < u is impossible (Order is preserved by adding a constant and by adding inequalities, Complete ordered field (least-upper-bound property), Ordered field).

[L6]

The order on N\mathbb{N} is total, so any two indices admit a common upper bound (\le is a linear order on N\mathbb{N}).

[L7]

For cRc \in \mathbb{R} the constant sequence (c)(c) converges to cc (Sequences of reals: bounded, eventually, frequently, tails, subsequences, Limits and Cauchy sequences of reals).

[L8]

A sequence of reals has at most one limit (A sequence has at most one limit), which is what licenses writing limkxk\lim_k x_k and limkyk\lim_k y_k for the limits named in the statement; without it those symbols would not denote.

Proof

technique · contradiction
1.1

By [L2] the sequence (zk)(z_k) converges to z=yxz = y - x, and by hypothesis zk=ykxk0z_k = y_k - x_k \ge 0 for every kK0k \ge K_0.

givenL2L5
1.2

Suppose, for contradiction, that z<0z < 0.

assume-contra
2.1

Then z>0-z > 0, so by [L3] we may choose a rational ε\varepsilon with 0<ε<z0 < \varepsilon < -z.

step 1.2L3L5choose
3.1

Applying convergence of (zk)(z_k) to this ε\varepsilon gives K1NK_1 \in \mathbb{N} with zkz<ε|z_k - z| < \varepsilon for all kK1k \ge K_1, hence zkz<εz_k - z < \varepsilon and so zk<z+εz_k < z + \varepsilon for all such kk.

step 1.1step 2.1L1L4L5
4.1

Fix an index kk with kK0k \ge K_0 and kK1k \ge K_1. Then 0zk<z+ε<z+(z)=00 \le z_k < z + \varepsilon < z + (-z) = 0, so 0<00 < 0, which is impossible.

step 1.1step 2.1step 3.1L5L6
5.1

The assumption z<0z < 0 is therefore untenable; by trichotomy z0z \ge 0, that is yx0y - x \ge 0, that is xyx \le y; since xx and yy are the unique limits of (xk)(x_k) and (yk)(y_k) by [L8], that is exactly limkxklimkyk\lim_k x_k \le \lim_k y_k. Since (xk)(x_k) and (yk)(y_k) were an arbitrary pair satisfying the hypotheses, the conclusion applies to every such pair, and the two stated special cases are instances of it. Let (wk)(w_k) be convergent. If wk0w_k \ge 0 from some index on, apply the conclusion to the pair consisting of the constant sequence 00, which converges to 00 by [L7], and of (wk)(w_k): it gives 0limkwk0 \le \lim_k w_k. If awkba \le w_k \le b from some index on, apply it first to the constant sequence aa and (wk)(w_k), then to (wk)(w_k) and the constant sequence bb: it gives alimkwka \le \lim_k w_k and limkwkb\lim_k w_k \le b.

step 4.1L5L7L8discharge-contradiction

Remarks

  • The two special cases are instances of the main claim, discharged in step 5.1 by taking one of the two sequences constant; that a constant sequence converges to its value (Sequences of reals: bounded, eventually, frequently, tails, subsequences) is the only extra ingredient they need.

  • The inequality does not become strict. From xk<ykx_k < y_k for every kk one may conclude only limxklimyk\lim x_k \le \lim y_k; the witness xk=0<1/(k+1)=ykx_k = 0 < 1/(k+1) = y_k has equal limits (FALSE: limits preserve strict inequalities). Intuitively, the order relation << is not preserved by passage to a limit because a strict gap may shrink to nothing, while \le is preserved because it is closed under that shrinking.

  • The proof routes through the single sequence (zk)=(ykxk)(z_k) = (y_k - x_k) and the difference rule of Algebra of limits: sums, scalar multiples, products and quotients. That is not an economy of writing only: it isolates the one thing being proved, namely that a sequence eventually 0\ge 0 cannot have a negative limit.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · next 3 levels

Direct dependencies and their dependencies through the next three levels: 67 results over 29 levels. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, and this result sits at the bottom with a heavier outline. Click the chart to enlarge it.

Sources