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A meridian-preserving torus homeomorphism extends over a solid torus
Statement
Let and be solid tori, with meridian curves and . Suppose is a homeomorphism and there is an isotopy through homeomorphisms, with , such that . Then extends to a homeomorphism . The extension may be chosen to carry the product core onto the product core of , and has the same orientation sign as with respect to the boundary orientations.
Statement references
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Two product solid tori , a boundary homeomorphism , and the boundary isotopy in the Statement.
For , a homeomorphism extends radially to a homeomorphism of the closed unit disk . Alexander trick: a sphere homeomorphism extends radially over the disk
Proof
Let for and ; this is a collar because its radial coordinate ranges from to . Set for and for . The map on the collar, extended by the identity outside it, is a homeomorphism: its inverse replaces with . It restricts to at the boundary and is isotopic to the identity through the same formula with for . Thus sends exactly to , and extending suffices because postcomposition with recovers an extension of without changing its orientation sign.
Cut and along the product meridian disks and . Each cut-open solid torus is . After centering the interval at , this convex cylinder is homeomorphic to the unit ball by radial rescaling: in direction its boundary radius is , with a zero denominator interpreted as , and gives the homeomorphism. The boundary of each cut-open torus consists of the annulus obtained by cutting the boundary torus along the meridian and two disk faces. The restriction of maps the annular portions to one another. Its common restriction to extends over each disk face by [F1], using the same disk map on both copies. The radial disk maps send the center of each disk face to the center of its target face. These maps assemble to a homeomorphism between the sphere boundaries of the cut-open balls, carrying the pair of disk-face centers to that pair in the target.
Identify each cut-open ball with the unit ball in . Apply [F1] with to extend radially over the ball. The cylinder-to-ball radial rescaling of step 2.1 carries the central product arc to the diameter joining the two disk-face center points. Since carries those endpoints to the target pair, its radial extension carries this entire diameter to the corresponding target diameter. Thus the ball extension preserves the product core arc. The extension has orientation sign equal to the degree sign of . On the open annulus away from the disk faces, is exactly ; cutting does not change the local boundary orientation there, so this degree sign is the orientation sign of .
The two copies of each meridian disk receive the same disk map from [F1], so the ball extension agrees on their identified faces. It therefore descends after regluing to a homeomorphism extending and carrying the product core circle to the target core circle. Composing with extends the original ; this collar-supported map fixes the core and keeps the same orientation sign because is isotopic to the identity.
Diagram
Cutting along a meridian disk turns a solid torus into a ball with two disk faces. The boundary map on the annulus and the matching extensions on those faces form the sphere map extended radially in step 3.1. The diagram records this cut-and-glue operation; the proof supplies the extension independently.
Depends on
Used by
- A meridian-preserving longitude twist extends over a solid torus Example
- A full-turn peripheral kernel fills as a smooth geodesic core Lemma
- Zero filling of a fibered knot caps its fiber Lemma
- Small augmented holonomy deformations have smooth geometric fillings Theorem
- The Gordon-Luecke knot-complement theorem Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
5 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Kimihiko Motegi, Dehn surgery on knots: survey, pp. 19–21 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Alessia Cattabriga and Stefano Francaviglia, Knot Theory and Applications: Lecture Notes, §4.1.1 (standard reference, not scraped)