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Modular Gauss sums, the Kirby color, and its slide identity

Statement

Let C be modular with p±=∑iθi±1di2, D2=∑idi2, and κ=p+/D. Then

p+p−=D2,κ−1=p−/D.

The formal Kirby color is Ω=∑idi i. A zero-framed Ω meridian around a simple strand j acts by D2δj,0 times the identity, and a ±1-framed Ω unknot evaluates to p±. Hence the surgery normalization

τ(ML)=D−m−1κ−σ(B)F(LΩ)

is invariant under adding/removing a disjoint ±1-framed Ω unknot; it gives τ(S3)=D−1 and τ(S2×S1)=1. The same normalized graph evaluation is invariant under full framed surgery-component handle slides and colored-strand slides over surgery components, with all arbitrary exterior graph coupons retained. A topological theorem asserting completeness of these and relative moves is a separate supplier.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A complex modular ribbon fusion category, a framed colored link evaluation F, and a surgery diagram with m components and symmetric linking matrix B.

[F1]

The balancing character identity is sxisxj=dx∑kNijksxk; also s0i=di, si∗j∗=sij, di∗=di, and θi∗=θi (Balancing and the Hopf-link character identity).

[F2]

s2=D2C, where Cij=δi,j∗, and D2≠0 (The modular Hopf-link matrix squares to D² times duality).

[F3]

All di are nonzero; trace is additive and multiplicative on tensor products in this complex braided category; fusion multiplicities satisfy Frobenius reciprocity (Simple ribbon fusion dimensions are nonzero, Basic properties of the categorical trace, Fusion rules).

[F4]

The framed tangle functor evaluates a colored ±1-framed unknot of color i as θi±1di; closed colored links are invariant under framed isotopy (A ribbon object defines a unique framed-tangle evaluation functor, The ribbon trace equals the framed-closure evaluation, The ribbon evaluation is an invariant of framed colored links, The ribbon evaluation of an X-colored closed braid).

[F5]

For a simple X and simple Z, the partial trace over Z of the double braiding on X⊗Z is (sXZ/dX)1X; the trace of the zero-framed i-colored unknot is di (Balancing and the Hopf-link character identity, The ribbon trace equals the framed-closure evaluation).

[F6]

The complete Kirby-color band-slide identity with open colored graph coupons proves the complete two-Ω and open colored-strand band-slide identities with fixed arbitrary graph coupons, by explicit finite coend/channel resolution and injective bending. It has no Gauss-sum or surgery-normalization premise.

[A1]

The link-evaluation suppliers use ACω and no full AC (The Axiom of Countable Choice (ACω)).

Proof

Given: The data in the Statement.

1.1F1F3givenalgebra

Pivotal trace additivity and tensor multiplicativity give didj=∑kNijkdk. Frobenius reciprocity and the change of variable in the fusion sum then give ∑idiNijk=∑idiNk,j∗i=dkdj∗=dkdj. Using the balancing formula from [F1] and summing over i yields ∑iθidisij=θj−1∑i,kdiNijkθkdk=θj−1djp+.

1.2F2F3F5givenalgebra

A simple strand j encircled by a zero-framed simple loop i is the scalar sij/dj on j by [F5]. Hence the Ω-meridian acts by 1dj∑idisij=(s2)0jdj=D2δj,0, where dj≠0 by [F3]. Thus D−2 times this meridian is the projector onto the unit channel. This proves the projector identity from modular inversion.

2.1F1F2step 1.1algebra

Multiply the last identity by sj∗,k and sum over j. By [F1]–[F2], ∑jsijsj∗,k=∑xsi∗,xsxk=(s2)i∗,k=D2δi,k. Therefore p+∑jθj−1djsj∗,k=D2θkdk. Reindexing j by j∗ and taking k=0 gives p+p−=D2; since p+p−=D2≠0, both Gauss sums are nonzero and κ−1=p−/D.

3.1F2F4F5A1step 2.1algebra

By [F4], a ±1-framed Ω unknot evaluates to ∑idiθi±1di=p±. For a +1 blow-up, the normalization changes by D−1κ−1p+=1; for a −1 blow-up it changes by D−1κp−=p+p−/D2=1. The empty surgery diagram gives D−1. By [F5], a zero-framed unknot colored by Ω evaluates to ∑idi2=D2, so its one-component normalization is D−2D2=1, the S2×S1 value.

4.1F6step 1.2step 3.1algebra∎

Apply [F6] to the full coupon-bearing graph. Its finite coend identity preserves the entire band-slide morphism with every boundary factor and exterior coupon fixed, for either two surgery components or an open colored strand slid over a surgery component. It is independent of the simple-meridian computation of step 1.2. A surgery-component slide changes the linking matrix by the integral basis congruence B↦PtBP, preserving signature even when B is singular, and preserves the number of surgery components. An open graph-strand slide changes neither surgery matrix nor component count. Therefore every normalization factor is unchanged, proving the full normalized slide identities. Together with step 3.1 this proves all the stated local move identities; it imports no relative topological move-completeness theorem.

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