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Modular Gauss sums, the Kirby color, and its slide identity
Statement
Let be modular with , , and . Then
The formal Kirby color is . A zero-framed meridian around a simple strand acts by times the identity, and a -framed unknot evaluates to . Hence the surgery normalization
is invariant under adding/removing a disjoint -framed unknot; it gives and . The same normalized graph evaluation is invariant under full framed surgery-component handle slides and colored-strand slides over surgery components, with all arbitrary exterior graph coupons retained. A topological theorem asserting completeness of these and relative moves is a separate supplier.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A complex modular ribbon fusion category, a framed colored link evaluation , and a surgery diagram with components and symmetric linking matrix .
The balancing character identity is ; also , , , and (Balancing and the Hopf-link character identity).
, where , and (The modular Hopf-link matrix squares to D² times duality).
All are nonzero; trace is additive and multiplicative on tensor products in this complex braided category; fusion multiplicities satisfy Frobenius reciprocity (Simple ribbon fusion dimensions are nonzero, Basic properties of the categorical trace, Fusion rules).
The framed tangle functor evaluates a colored -framed unknot of color as ; closed colored links are invariant under framed isotopy (A ribbon object defines a unique framed-tangle evaluation functor, The ribbon trace equals the framed-closure evaluation, The ribbon evaluation is an invariant of framed colored links, The ribbon evaluation of an -colored closed braid).
For a simple and simple , the partial trace over of the double braiding on is ; the trace of the zero-framed -colored unknot is (Balancing and the Hopf-link character identity, The ribbon trace equals the framed-closure evaluation).
The complete Kirby-color band-slide identity with open colored graph coupons proves the complete two- and open colored-strand band-slide identities with fixed arbitrary graph coupons, by explicit finite coend/channel resolution and injective bending. It has no Gauss-sum or surgery-normalization premise.
The link-evaluation suppliers use and no full AC (The Axiom of Countable Choice ()).
Proof
Given: The data in the Statement.
Pivotal trace additivity and tensor multiplicativity give . Frobenius reciprocity and the change of variable in the fusion sum then give Using the balancing formula from [F1] and summing over yields
A simple strand encircled by a zero-framed simple loop is the scalar on by [F5]. Hence the -meridian acts by where by [F3]. Thus times this meridian is the projector onto the unit channel. This proves the projector identity from modular inversion.
Multiply the last identity by and sum over . By [F1]–[F2], Therefore . Reindexing by and taking gives ; since , both Gauss sums are nonzero and .
By [F4], a -framed unknot evaluates to . For a blow-up, the normalization changes by ; for a blow-up it changes by . The empty surgery diagram gives . By [F5], a zero-framed unknot colored by evaluates to , so its one-component normalization is , the value.
Apply [F6] to the full coupon-bearing graph. Its finite coend identity preserves the entire band-slide morphism with every boundary factor and exterior coupon fixed, for either two surgery components or an open colored strand slid over a surgery component. It is independent of the simple-meridian computation of step 1.2. A surgery-component slide changes the linking matrix by the integral basis congruence , preserving signature even when is singular, and preserves the number of surgery components. An open graph-strand slide changes neither surgery matrix nor component count. Therefore every normalization factor is unchanged, proving the full normalized slide identities. Together with step 3.1 this proves all the stated local move identities; it imports no relative topological move-completeness theorem.
Depends on
- The complete Kirby-color band-slide identity with open colored graph coupons
- Modular ribbon fusion category and Hopf-link data
- Simple ribbon fusion dimensions are nonzero
- Balancing and the Hopf-link character identity
- The modular Hopf-link matrix squares to D² times duality
- A ribbon object defines a unique framed-tangle evaluation functor
- The ribbon trace equals the framed-closure evaluation
- The ribbon evaluation is an invariant of framed colored links
- The ribbon evaluation of an $X$-colored closed braid
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
- Basic properties of the categorical trace
- Fusion rules
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- Etingof, Gelaki, Nikshych, and Ostrik, Tensor Categories, §§8.14–8.15 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Bakalov and Kirillov, Lectures on Tensor Categories and Modular Functor, §§4.1 and 5.7 (standard reference, not scraped)