Alphabeta Math
PropositionStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedprecheck passaudited 2026-08-16
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The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Local path-connectedness lifts and descends along covering maps

Statement

For a covering p:E→B, the total space E is locally path-connected if and only if the base B is locally path-connected.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The objects, hypotheses, and choice principles stated above.

[F1]

A covering map is a continuous surjection p:E→B such that every b∈B has an open neighbourhood U for which p−1(U) is a disjoint union of open sets Vj, called sheets, and each restriction p∣Vj:Vj→U is a homeomorphism (def-continuous-map-top, def-homeomorphism-and-open-maps, def-disjoint-union-topology). Such a U is evenly covered, and p−1(b) is the fibre over b. A covering is trivial when it is isomorphic over B to a product projection B×F→B with F discrete. (Covering maps, evenly covered neighbourhoods, fibres, sheets, and trivial coverings).

[F2]

Let (X,T) be a topological space (def-topological-space) and let x∈X. Subsets carry the subspace topology (def-subspace-topology-top); connectedness is def-connected-space and path-connectedness is def-path-connected. X is locally connected at x when for every open U with x∈U there is an open connected V with x∈V⊆U, and locally connected when this holds at every point; X is locally path-connected at x when for every open U with x∈U there is an open path-connected V with x∈V⊆U, and locally path-connected when this holds at every point. (Locally connected and locally path-connected spaces: a neighbourhood base of open connected, respectively open path-connected, sets at every point).

[F3]

Let (X,TX) and (Y,TY) be topological spaces and let f:X→Y be a function. Continuity is as in def-continuous-map-top, injections, surjections and bijections as in def-injection-surjection-bijection. f is an open map if f[U] is open in Y for every open U⊆X, a closed map if f[F] is closed in Y for every closed F⊆X, and a homeomorphism if f is a continuous bijection whose inverse f−1:Y→X is also continuous; the spaces are homeomorphic when such an f exists. (Homeomorphism, open map, closed map, embedding, and what it means for a property to be topological).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1givenF1F3

Every point has a sheet homeomorphic to an open neighbourhood of its image.

2.1step 1.1F1F2F3

Local path-connectedness passes to open subspaces and across homeomorphisms, which proves both directions using surjectivity to choose a point over each basepoint.

3.1step 2.1∎

The preceding construction and implications establish the assertion.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources