How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Lifting criterion for maps from path-connected locally path-connected spaces
Statement
Let be path-connected and locally path-connected, let be based, and let be a covering. A based lift exists if and only if ; when it exists it is unique.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The objects, hypotheses, and choice principles stated above.
Let be a covering, let be a path, and let satisfy . There is a unique path with and . (Existence and uniqueness of path lifts through a covering map).
Endpoint-fixed homotopic paths in the base have lifts with the same endpoint whenever their lifts begin at the same point. (The endpoint of a lifted path depends only on its endpoint-fixed homotopy class).
Let be connected and let be lifts through the same covering of the same map . If for some , then . (Two lifts from a connected space that agree at one point agree everywhere).
Let be continuous and let . Composition sends a loop at to the loop at . Using the loop classes and fundamental group of def-based-loops-and-fundamental-group, the proposed induced homomorphism is The next theorem proves that this value is independent of the representative, that it is a group homomorphism in the sense of def-group-homomorphism, and that induced maps respect identities, composition and homotopies that fix the basepoint. (The homomorphism on fundamental groups induced by a pointed continuous map).
Let be a topological space (def-topological-space) and let . Subsets carry the subspace topology (def-subspace-topology-top); connectedness is def-connected-space and path-connectedness is def-path-connected. is locally connected at when for every open with there is an open connected with , and locally connected when this holds at every point; is locally path-connected at when for every open with there is an open path-connected with , and locally path-connected when this holds at every point. (Locally connected and locally path-connected spaces: a neighbourhood base of open connected, respectively open path-connected, sets at every point).
Let be continuous with . Then is a well-defined group homomorphism, and for pointed continuous maps and (Induced fundamental-group maps are well defined, functorial and invariant under based homotopy).
Proof
For a based map with path-connected and locally path-connected, necessity follows by functoriality: if a based lift exists then , so by the composition law of [F6], whence . [F4] is the definition of the induced map and expressly leaves functoriality to [F6].
For sufficiency, define the candidate lift at by lifting along any path from ; the subgroup inclusion makes the endpoint independent of the chosen path.
Local path-connectedness and an evenly covered neighbourhood make the candidate continuous.
Uniqueness follows from connectedness.
The preceding construction and implications establish the assertion.
Depends on
- Existence and uniqueness of path lifts through a covering map
- The endpoint of a lifted path depends only on its endpoint-fixed homotopy class
- Two lifts from a connected space that agree at one point agree everywhere
- The homomorphism on fundamental groups induced by a pointed continuous map
- Locally connected and locally path-connected spaces: a neighbourhood base of open connected, respectively open path-connected, sets at every point
- Induced fundamental-group maps are well defined, functorial and invariant under based homotopy
Used by
Dependency tree · next 3 levels
Direct dependencies and their dependencies through the next three levels: 71 results over 17 levels. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, and this result sits at the bottom with a heavier outline. Click the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Allen Hatcher, Algebraic Topology, §1.3 (standard reference, not scraped)
- J. Peter May, A Concise Course in Algebraic Topology, Ch. 3 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Marco Gualtieri, MAT1300 Week 4 Term 2, §1.6 (standard reference, not scraped)