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TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedSession-authored (Fable 5 assisted)precheck passaudited 2026-08-26
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Nikiforov: for every H and every ϵ(0,12) there is δ>0 such that every graph G with indH(G)<(δV(G))V(H) has an ϵ-restricted vertex set of size at least δV(G)

Statement

Fix a graph H with h=V(H) and a real ϵ(0,12). Then there exists δ>0 such that every nonempty finite simple graph G with

indH(G)<(δV(G))h

has an ϵ-restricted vertex set of size at least δV(G).

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A graph H with h vertices and a real ϵ(0,12).

[L1]

For each 0<γ<1, the self-regular-subset theorem gives a constant δ1(γ)>0 such that every nonempty graph on n vertices has a subset W with Wδ1(γ)n and (W,W) γ-regular (Every finite graph has a linearly large ϵ-self-regular vertex subset, ϵ-regular pairs and self-regular vertex sets).

[L2]

The induced counting constants include N=N(H,η), and if 0<γγ(H,η), WN, (W,W) is γ-regular, and its self-density lies between η and 1η, then indH(G)c(H,η)Wh (A large γ-self-regular set whose density lies between η and 1η forces at least cWV(H) induced copies of H).

[L4]

Every nonempty set of at most two vertices is 0-restricted, hence ϵ-restricted (Sparsity is preserved when the parameter grows, and every nonempty set of at most two vertices is 0-restricted).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

Set η:=ϵ/4 and choose γ>0 so small that γϵ/8 and γγ(H,η) from [L2]. Then (η+γ)/(1γ)ϵ, and the dense trimming parameter from [L3] is also at most ϵ, because η=ϵ/4, γϵ/8, and ϵ<1/2.

L2L3algebra
2.1

If h=0, the induced-copy hypothesis is never satisfied: both sides of its displayed inequality are 1. Thus suppose h1. Let δ1:=δ1(γ) be the constant of [L1], let c:=c(H,η) and N:=N(H,η) be the constants of [L2], put N:=max{N,1}, and set δ:=min{δ1c1/h, (1γ)δ1, δ1/N, 1}. Then δ>0 and depends only on H and ϵ.

step 1.1L1L2choose
3.1

Now let G be a nonempty graph on n vertices with indH(G)<(δn)h. If n<N/δ1, then any singleton X is 0-restricted by [L4] and satisfies X=1>δn, because δδ1/N. Hence suppose nN/δ1. By [L1] choose WV(G) with Wδ1nNN such that (W,W) is γ-regular.

step 2.1L1L4choosealgebra
4.1

If ηdG(W,W)1η, then [L2] gives indH(G)cWhcδ1hnh(δn)h, contrary to the hypothesis on G. Therefore either dG(W,W)<η or dG(W,W)>1η.

step 1.1step 2.1step 3.1L2algebra
5.1

In the first case, the low-density trimming lemma in [L3] yields a subset WW with W>(1γ)Wδn that is ϵ-sparse by step 1.1. In the second case, the high-density trimming lemma in [L3] yields a subset WW with the same size bound that is ϵ-dense. In either case W is ϵ-restricted.

step 1.1step 2.1step 3.1step 4.1L3
6.1

Step 3.1 handles small n, and steps 4.1 and 5.1 handle all remaining cases, so every graph satisfying the induced-copy bound has an ϵ-restricted set of size at least δV(G).

step 3.1step 4.1step 5.1

Depends on

Used by

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