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For piecewise-C1 contours the Riemann–Stieltjes integral agrees with the parametric complex integral and the published real line integrals
Statement
Let be piecewise- and let be continuous on its trace. Then and The real and imaginary parts of the first display are the published vector line integrals of and , while the second is the published scalar line integral.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A piecewise- contour , a continuous , and an admissible partition .
Let be Riemann integrable. Suppose is continuous on , differentiable on , and extends continuously to . Then is Riemann–Stieltjes integrable with respect to and (A continuously differentiable integrator reduces Stieltjes integration to ordinary integration).
The published scalar and vector line integrals are the sums of and over the smooth pieces (Scalar line integrals with respect to arc length and vector-field line integrals).
A piecewise- path has length equal to the sum of the speed integrals, with corners and singleton intervals allowed (A continuous piecewise- path is rectifiable and its length is the sum of the speed integrals over its pieces).
Vector-valued derivatives and integrals are defined componentwise (The derivative and the Riemann integral of a vector-valued function: an intrinsic derivative and a componentwise integral).
Let be reals and let be continuous. Then is bounded and Riemann integrable on (A continuous function on is Riemann integrable, by Heine-Cantor and Riemann's criterion).
Let and let be , and set . Then is differentiable on in the relative sense and , the values at and being the relative one-sided derivatives (For a C1 path the arc-length accumulation function has derivative equal to speed).
Proof
On a nondegenerate smooth piece the integrands and are continuous, being composites of the continuous with the continuous , so [L5] makes each of the four component integrands Riemann integrable; the integrators are on the piece, hence continuous with continuously extending derivative. The hypotheses of [L1] therefore hold, and applying [L1] to the four component Stieltjes integrals and recombining gives .
On the same piece the arc-length integrator is , which by [L6] is differentiable with , continuous because is ; and is continuous, hence Riemann integrable by [L5]. So [L1] applies with and yields ; summing over pieces and using [L3] to identify the total arc length gives the absolute-integral formula, which is the scalar line integral in [L2].
The real and imaginary parts in step 1.1 are exactly the vector line integrals of and from [L2]. This uses the published real construction in a numbered step, with its piecewise- hypothesis unchanged.
Summing the identities over the pieces proves both displays. No equality of one-sided derivatives at corners is needed, and zero-speed pieces contribute .
Depends on
- A continuously differentiable integrator reduces Stieltjes integration to ordinary integration
- Scalar line integrals with respect to arc length and vector-field line integrals
- The derivative and the Riemann integral of a vector-valued function: an intrinsic derivative and a componentwise integral
- A continuous piecewise-$C^1$ path is rectifiable and its length is the sum of the speed integrals over its pieces
- A continuous function on $[a,b]$ is Riemann integrable, by Heine-Cantor and Riemann's criterion
- For a C1 path the arc-length accumulation function has derivative equal to speed
Used by
- An exponential contour integral approximated by Riemann sums and evaluated by parametrization and a primitive Example
- Integrating a complex polynomial along a segment and a parabola by a primitive and by parametrization Example
- The integral of complex conjugation from -1 to 1 differs along a semicircle and a polygonal path Example
- The rectifiable Riemann–Stieltjes definition on an explicit polygonal contour with corners Example
- For a continuous function on a complex domain, endpoint independence, zero closed-contour integrals, and existence of a primitive are equivalent Theorem
- On a positively oriented circle about a, the integral of (z-a)ᵐ is zero for every integer m except -1, and is 2 pi i for m=-1 Theorem
Dependency tree · next 3 levels
Direct dependencies and their dependencies through the next three levels: 166 results over 28 levels. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, and this result sits at the bottom with a heavier outline. Click the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- R. Howell and J. Mathews, Complex Analysis, §6.2 (standard reference, not scraped)