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Uniform end estimates indexed only by existing admissible slices
Statement
Fix the regular mass-one stationary vacuum/Harrison construction with maximal original exterior section and . Call a section individually admissible at if it is connected, smooth and spacelike maximal with boundary , is smooth up to , its interior is a global stationary graph, and its normalized height has for on some end depending on that section. Fix . Let be any set of pairs of such sections with . No pair is assumed to exist at parameters outside the projection of . The lapse is positive and has a common upper bound; there is a common end on which . For each the heights obey a common bound. In particular the differentiated estimates , , and their fixed-annulus scaled C4-Holder versions hold uniformly over . These uniform estimates are conclusions, not assumptions on the initially individual admissibility constants.
The original-section maximality used here is assumed on the actual physical exterior section , with the original metric , so . The selected physical end retains its stated mass-one normalization. Maximality of an independently labelled chart-side section or another supplied maximal section does not replace this premise. No equality between the hypersurface identification and the physical stationary end chart is assumed. Regular non-degenerate stationary vacuum spacetime Spacelike sections, maximality and lapse–shift data
Facts & Assumptions
The model, regular data, graph, normalization and induced geometry have their stated meanings. Stationary vacuum model and asymptotic normalization Regular non-degenerate stationary vacuum spacetime Mass-one convention and Harrison denominator Stationary maximal graphs and normalized graph heights Spacelike sections, maximality and lapse–shift data Norms are Hölder spaces C^k,α, closure and interior scaled norms, and C^k,α domains; work in ZFC. The Axiom of Choice
The positive-lapse theorem is a fixed-q statement and requires the compact-core exterior condition, which is established below for each individually admissible section. Transformed lapse equation and bounds Normalized end metric bounds are properties of the background metrics on the whole fixed positive parameter interval. Asymptotically flat positive-q ends and cylindrical limit
The structural annular quasilinear estimate and its fixed-annulus C4-Holder linear conclusion are mathematical estimates for an indexed family whenever their uniform coefficient hypotheses hold. They require no existence at a missing parameter. Uniform annular Schauder bootstrap for spacelike graph equations Linear fourth derivative bound with controlled realized coefficients
A continuous real function on a nonempty compact Euclidean set attains a maximum. At an interior maximum of a function its gradient vanishes and its Hessian is negative semidefinite. For positive semidefinite matrices , . These elementary inputs will prove the strict barrier comparison locally, with the first-order term vanishing at the maximum. Semicontinuous extreme value theorem on compact Euclidean sets The Hessian is negative semidefinite at an interior local maximum Trace of a product of positive semidefinite matrices is nonnegative
Under the regular vacuum and actual-original-exterior maximality hypotheses, the original lapse/product result supplies the stationary product over , its smooth closure , an adapted topological identification , and compact physical-end truncations for every sufficiently large . The physical radius is defined in its own end chart and is not identified with . Remark 1.3: lapse bounds and stationary product A smooth manifold with boundary admits a smooth collar in ZFC. Collar neighborhood theorem
Closed bounded Euclidean annuli and finite closed intervals are compact. Finite products of compact spaces and finite unions of compact subsets are compact. Continuous images of compact sets are compact, and continuous real functions on nonempty compact sets attain their extrema. Compact subsets of Hausdorff spaces are closed, and closed subsets of compact spaces are compact. Heine-Borel in ℝⁿ: with the Euclidean metric a subset of ℝⁿ is compact if and only if it is closed and bounded, and the proof by bisection uses no choice principle; the same holds on the real line A product of finitely many compact spaces is compact in the product topology A continuous image of a compact space is compact; a continuous real-valued map on a nonempty compact space attains a maximum and a minimum; and a continuous bijection from a compact space to a Hausdorff space is a homeomorphism In a Hausdorff space a point and a disjoint compact set, and two disjoint compact sets, have disjoint open neighbourhoods; hence every compact subset is closed, and in a compact Hausdorff space the compact subsets are exactly the closed ones A closed subspace of a compact space is compact, and a finite union of compact subspaces is compact
The sphere is path connected. A path-connected space is connected; in a connected space a nonempty clopen subset is the whole space. For n≥2, the sphere Sⁿ⁻¹ is path-connected and connected Every path-connected space is connected, and every path component lies inside a component For a topological space the following agree: no separation exists, the only clopen subsets are ∅ and X, and every continuous map to the two-point discrete space is constant
If a real function is continuous on and differentiable on , with , the mean value theorem gives for some . The total-derivative chain rule computes derivatives of compositions of differentiable Euclidean maps. The mean value theorem, as the case g(x) = x of Cauchy's: for f continuous on [a,b] with a < b and differentiable on (a,b) there is c ∈ (a,b) with f(b) - f(a) = f'(c)(b-a) The chain rule for total derivatives: D(g∘ f)(a)=Dg(f(a))∘ Df(a)
Proof
**Given:**Any set of individually admissible pairs on the fixed positive parameter interval. Goal: Derive common end estimates without assuming a section at every parameter.
Fix one pair and let be its stationary graph diffeomorphism. Choose the adapted coordinates from F4, and put . Keep for the separate physical end radius, so there. On that end, with , the induced metric is in coordinates. Individual slope decay and F1 give . Hence is bounded by a finite constant on a sufficiently distant physical graph tail, before any lapse bound is used. This says nothing about .
For each sufficiently large physical radius , the set is closed in . Indeed its inner sphere and each finite annulus are compact and closed by F5. If , take a small relatively compact section coordinate ball or boundary half-ball about , disjoint from the inner sphere. Choose and the coordinate straight segment from to . Its -speed is bounded by a finite on the closed interval, by smoothness and F5. While the segment stays in the open graph tail, F7 and step 1.1 give . The mean value theorem bounds its radius by . At its first exit, including an exit at parameter one, compactness and closedness of the finite graph annulus put the exit point back in that annulus; it misses the inner sphere and thus still lies in the open tail, a contradiction.
Choose a compact smooth collar in using F4 and F5. The complements of the nested closed sets for sufficiently large integer physical radii cover : boundary points lie in none of them, and every interior point has finite physical radius or is outside the physical chart. A finite subcover gives one with . Every base point of therefore belongs to the original compact physical truncation . The continuous adapted radius is bounded on this truncation by F5; hence on for some . On the compact outer collar face , the continuous has a minimum .
Choose and set . Radial segments and paths in join any two points of this shell; composition with gives paths in , so [F6] makes connected. In the interior manifold the boundary of the open collar portion is exactly : the closed collar is closed by compactness and the Hausdorff property, and the collar chart leaves only its outer face after removing . Thus is clopen in , since avoids . It is nonempty. Indeed, fix and consider for integers . These points converge to in and have by step 3.1. If they all had , they would lie in the compact graph image , closed in the Hausdorff manifold by [F5]; their boundary limit would then lie in that interior graph image, a contradiction. Therefore , and [F6] gives . No extension of or of the stationary height to has been assumed.
Fix sufficiently large for the physical end and write , compact by F4. The set is compact, contained in , and has compact graph image by F5. Step 4.1 puts all remaining points of in . Thus is a closed subset of the compact union and is compact. The same proof applies at . Since in the physical chart, these are exactly the truncated complement and compact core required by the positive-lapse supplier, with . No equality between and was used.
The compact-core conclusion of step 5.1 and individual end slope limit verify the remaining hypotheses of [F1] separately for each pair. Its individual decay gives the required end height and slope limits, hence . For , gives . The uniform inverse end metric has spatial block at least , so . Absorb the last term to obtain the stated common slope bound. This calculation uses no uniform radius for the initial individual end limits.
Directly normalize the conormal of the stationary graph and set its divergence equal to zero. Write , and in this end calculation. The result is , with . The common slope bound and end metric derivatives give a common elliptic nondivergence equation , with symmetric , , and no zeroth-order term. Here the coefficients are evaluated along the supplied graph and then kept fixed when applying to a comparison function. Fix . Direct differentiation gives beyond a common radius. Fix any beyond this radius, let , and choose a common with . Set . Then for .
For each fixed indexed pair and , its individual limit gives an outer radius such that for . On the compact annulus , both and are nonpositive on the boundary, while in its interior. If either function were positive somewhere, [F3] would give a positive interior maximum with zero gradient and Hessian . Since , [F3] applied to and gives there, a contradiction. Thus on the annulus; outside it the same inequality holds because and . Letting at each fixed end point proves for all . The outer radius can depend on the pair; no uniform initial decay radius or convergence rate is needed.
Fix a unit vector and put on . The radial curve lies in the common end, where is smooth, so is continuous on this closed interval and differentiable on its interior. By the chain rule in [F7] and the slope bound of step 6.1, and . The mean value theorem in [F7] therefore gives . Combining this with step 8.1 at and taking the maximum over gives . Fix one common sufficiently large and absorb the factor . This bounds and hence the full height decay uniformly over the indexed pairs. No uniform individual convergence rate was assumed to justify annular comparison.
On fixed rescaled annuli, the explicit flux in step 7.1 has common ellipticity and joint C4-Holder bounds on a fixed slightly enlarged slope ball: the slopes are small by step 6.1 and the background has common five differentiated end bounds. Its zero-slope divergence is O() in the rescaled C2-Holder norm, since . Apply [F2] with the common normalized height bound from step 9.1. It yields . Taking proves the asserted uniform differentiated and scaled Holder estimates. Every estimate is indexed by a pair actually present in .
Source notes
Radu’s Section 5.3, Lemma 5.1 gives compact-graph convergence under its own boundary, topology, lapse and height hypotheses. This is background for the present adaptation; the indexed noncompact conclusion is established only by the local argument and declared suppliers.
These explicit premises specify the generated conditional result. They are not asserted to follow from the original regularity definition alone, and are not attributed to the original article. The immutable original extraction is unchanged; in particular, original Theorem 1.1 retains its unresolved source-assessment status.
Depends on
- Stationary vacuum model and asymptotic normalization
- Regular non-degenerate stationary vacuum spacetime
- Mass-one convention and Harrison denominator
- Stationary maximal graphs and normalized graph heights
- Spacelike sections, maximality and lapse–shift data
- Hölder spaces C^k,α, closure and interior scaled norms, and C^k,α domains
- The Axiom of Choice
- Transformed lapse equation and bounds
- Asymptotically flat positive-q ends and cylindrical limit
- Uniform annular Schauder bootstrap for spacelike graph equations
- Linear fourth derivative bound with controlled realized coefficients
- Semicontinuous extreme value theorem on compact Euclidean sets
- The Hessian is negative semidefinite at an interior local maximum
- Trace of a product of positive semidefinite matrices is nonnegative
- Remark 1.3: lapse bounds and stationary product
- Collar neighborhood theorem
- Heine-Borel in ℝⁿ: with the Euclidean metric a subset of ℝⁿ is compact if and only if it is closed and bounded, and the proof by bisection uses no choice principle; the same holds on the real line
- A product of finitely many compact spaces is compact in the product topology
- A continuous image of a compact space is compact; a continuous real-valued map on a nonempty compact space attains a maximum and a minimum; and a continuous bijection from a compact space to a Hausdorff space is a homeomorphism
- A closed subspace of a compact space is compact, and a finite union of compact subspaces is compact
- In a Hausdorff space a point and a disjoint compact set, and two disjoint compact sets, have disjoint open neighbourhoods; hence every compact subset is closed, and in a compact Hausdorff space the compact subsets are exactly the closed ones
- For n≥2, the sphere Sⁿ⁻¹ is path-connected and connected
- Every path-connected space is connected, and every path component lies inside a component
- For a topological space the following agree: no separation exists, the only clopen subsets are ∅ and X, and every continuous map to the two-point discrete space is constant
- The mean value theorem, as the case g(x) = x of Cauchy's: for f continuous on [a,b] with a < b and differentiable on (a,b) there is c ∈ (a,b) with f(b) - f(a) = f'(c)(b-a)
- The chain rule for total derivatives: D(g∘ f)(a)=Dg(f(a))∘ Df(a)
- Rigidity of stationary black holes with small ADM angular momentum · Section 5.1, equations (5.4)–(5.5); Section 5.2, equations (5.15), (5.22); Section 5.3, Lemma 5.1 and equation (5.24)
Used by · 6
- Theorem 3.1: complete maximal slices for positive q
- Nonnegative principal eigenvalue of the horizon stability operator
- Indexed compact heights and uniform smooth horizon collars
- Compact estimates for arbitrary sequences of individually existing slices
- Sequence closedness and completeness without an interval-family premise
- Open–closed continuation for the set of individually admissible parameters
Dependency tree · 2 levels
Each result is drawn at its shortest distance from this item. Arrows run from prerequisites to the items that use them; this item has a heavier outline. External source nodes link directly to the cited text. The view shows up to two dependency steps; open a prerequisite to continue.
External dependencies
In the stated regular stationary vacuum and Harrison setting, Radu discusses lapse and height estimates and proves a compact-graph convergence result used in a continuation argument.
Hypotheses: The source assumes its GR, SBS and maximality conditions, and Lemma 5.1 concerns compact maximal stationary graphs with specified boundary, topology, and uniform lapse and height bounds.
Reading limits: Consulted the cited HTML passages in this adjudication. They provide the background and motivation for this adapted statement; they do not assert this item's indexed noncompact strengthening. The numbered local argument uses only the declared suppliers; no independent proof audit of the source is claimed.
Sources
- Rigidity of stationary black holes with small ADM angular momentum · Section 5.1, equations (5.4)–(5.5); Section 5.2, equations (5.15), (5.22); Section 5.3, Lemma 5.1 and equation (5.24)