How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Reversible embedding of a Boolean circuit
Definition
Inputs are integers , distinct ordered Boolean input wires, an -bit target register disjoint from the input wires, and a finite Boolean DAG with an explicit topological order and an ordered list of exactly output ports. Every vertex has a unique identifier; each non-input node is a constant or , a NOT node of fan-in one, or an AND or OR node of fan-in two. Each source reference must name an input vertex or an earlier node in the supplied order. Each output port may name any input or non-input node, and repeated output ports are allowed. The Boolean graph uses the NOT/AND/OR basis with constants from Boolean circuits: basis, fan-in, size, and depth, extended here to multiple ordered output ports sharing one graph.
Return INVALID if the input wires or graph vertices do not have distinct identifiers, a target wire overlaps an input or graph vertex, an unsupported gate or incorrect fan-in occurs, a source reference is unavailable at that position, the supplied order is invalid, or an output port names no available vertex. Otherwise:
- Allocate one fresh clean value bit for each non-input node .
- Process nodes in the supplied order. Leave a constant- bit untouched; apply to a constant- bit. For a NOT node with input wire , apply then . For an AND node with inputs , apply . For an OR node, apply , then , then . If a two-port node uses the same source identifier twice, first allocate a fresh clean scratch bit , copy the source into by CNOT, use the distinct physical wires as the gate inputs, and uncopy immediately after writing .
- For each output port , apply CNOT from its named input or value wire to target bit .
- Append the inverse of the entire node-evaluation list in reverse chronological order, including the temporary source-copy and uncopy instructions. Return the resulting finite gate list, with the input register unchanged and the target changed only by the stated XOR into .
The inverse-list operation is defined instruction by instruction: , CNOT, and Toffoli are each replaced by themselves, in reverse order. The Boolean graph is an explicit finite input; this procedure makes no uniform-generation, oracle, or Turing-time claim.
Depends on
- Big-endian encoding of ordered bit strings
- Big-endian bit-string indices are bijective
- Denotational semantics of a finite layered circuit
- Finite circuit resource accounting
- Toffoli and Fredkin gates
- X, CNOT, Toffoli, and Fredkin are involutions
- Clean and dirty ancillas
- CNOT and Control-Target Order
- The Pauli matrices
- Boolean circuits: basis, fan-in, size, and depth
- Finite registers and their ordered computational bases
- Ordered tensor registers, their inner product, and wire permutations
- Tensor products of finitely many linear maps
- The computational basis is orthonormal
- The product basis is orthonormal and tensor dimensions multiply
Used by
- Reversible modular multiplication by a unit Algorithm
- Reversible zero-completion of an N-address bit query Algorithm
- Coherent XOR function oracle Definition
- Boolean circuits compile exactly into the QC14 gate alphabet Lemma
- Clean reversible controlled multiplication by a cyclic constant Lemma
- Efficient coherent amplitude-grid rounding Lemma
- Compute-copy-uncompute yields a clean coherent function query Theorem
- Element-distinctness gate cost in the QRAM model Theorem
- Gate, workspace, and serial-depth costs of reversible embedding Theorem
- Zero-completed query simulation is exact and uses one raw query Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
37 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- John Preskill, Quantum Computation, Chapter 5: Classical and Quantum Circuits (updated July 2015) (standard reference, not scraped)
- Ronald de Wolf, Quantum Computing: Lecture Notes, arXiv:1907.09415v6 (standard reference, not scraped)