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Compatible tubular neighbourhoods agree near compact sets up to ambient isotopy

Statement

Assume ACω. Let N be a smooth manifold without boundary, let S⊆N be a closed embedded submanifold, let ν(S) be its normal bundle (Normal and conormal bundles of an embedded submanifold), and let Φ1,Φ2:Ω→N be two tubular neighbourhood embeddings of the same open disc bundle Ω=D(ν(S)) whose restrictions to the zero section are the inclusion of S (Tubular neighbourhoods of embedded submanifolds). Assume that dΦ1 and dΦ2 induce the same isomorphism from each vertical fibre ν(S)p to the ambient normal quotient TpN/TpS. (The usual normalization makes both induced maps the identity; merely fixing the zero section is insufficient.) Then, after shrinking Ω around the zero section, the two embeddings are isotopic through tubular neighbourhood embeddings fixing S pointwise. Consequently, for every compact A⊆S there is an ambient isotopy Ht of N with H0=idN, compact support, Ht∘Φ1=Φt on a neighbourhood of A for every t (in particular H1∘Φ1=Φ2 there), and Ht fixing a neighbourhood of A in S pointwise; when S is compact one may take A=S and obtain the agreement on a neighbourhood of all of S, with support in any prescribed neighbourhood of Φ1(Ω)∪Φ2(Ω).

Facts & Assumptions

Given: Countable choice, a boundaryless N, a closed embedded submanifold S⊆N with normal bundle ν(S), and two tubular neighbourhood embeddings Φ1,Φ2 of the same open disc bundle, both restricting to the inclusion on the zero section and inducing the same vertical-fibre identification with the ambient normal quotient.

[F1]

A tubular neighbourhood consists of an open neighbourhood Ω of the zero section and a smooth embedding Φ:Ω→N that is a diffeomorphism onto an open neighbourhood of S and restricts to the inclusion on the zero section (Tubular neighbourhoods of embedded submanifolds, Smooth embeddings).

[L1]

Two tubular neighbourhoods of the same closed embedded submanifold built on the same normal bundle agree after shrinking: there is a diffeomorphism Ψ:Ω1′→Ω2′ between neighbourhoods of the zero section with Φ2∘Ψ=Φ1, and Ψ restricts to the identity on the zero section (Two tubular neighbourhood germs are isomorphic near the zero section).

[L2]

Under ACω the relative form of the isotopy extension theorem applies to an isotopy of an open subset of a boundaryless manifold whose track image is open: for every compact set there is a compactly supported ambient isotopy agreeing with the isotopy on a neighbourhood of that compact set (The isotopy extension theorem, clause 2). [F1]

[L3]

The normal bundle is a smooth vector bundle. Its fibre dilations δt(p,v)=(p,tv) are smooth and are diffeomorphisms for t>0; in a local bundle chart, smoothness of the total-space maps is ordinary smoothness of their coordinate functions (Normal and conormal bundles of an embedded submanifold, Diffeomorphisms and local diffeomorphisms of manifolds).

[L5]

Under ACω a smooth partition of unity subordinate to an open cover exists; it permits a positive smooth radius subordinate to locally valid shrinking bounds (Smooth partitions of unity exist on manifolds with boundary).

[A1]

Countable choice is inherited from the extension theorem and the tubular-neighbourhood theorem; the local shrinking bounds are patched with smooth partitions of unity (The Axiom of Countable Choice (ACω), Open cover, subcover, and compact topological space; a compact subset is a subspace that is compact in its own right).

[L4]

A compact subset A of the manifold S is a closed subset of N; a closed set inside an open set admits a smooth cutoff equal to 1 near the closed set (A smooth Urysohn lemma for a closed set in an open set, In a locally compact Hausdorff space every open set containing a point contains an open set containing it whose closure is compact and still inside; such a space is regular).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1F1L1given

By [L1], after restricting their domains near the zero section the two tubular maps have a transition diffeomorphism Ψ=Φ2−1∘Φ1 fixing that section, with Φ2∘Ψ=Φ1. Its differential is the identity on the zero-section tangent space and induces the identity on the vertical normal quotient: the latter follows by composing the equal normal identifications of dΦ1 and dΦ2. There is no claim that Ψ maps a chosen disc bundle onto itself.

1.2L3step 1.1constructalgebra

For t>0 define Ψt=δ1/t∘Ψ∘δt wherever defined. In a bundle chart write Ψ(x,v)=(b(x,v),w(x,v)), where the second coordinate is in the fibre over b(x,v). Fixing the zero section gives b(x,0)=x and w(x,0)=0, and the normal derivative condition gives Dvw(x,0)=I. In these charts the conjugation is (b(x,tv),w(x,tv)/t). The identity w(x,tv)t=∫01Dvw(x,utv)v du extends smoothly to t=0, with value v; the base component extends to x. Thus Ψ0=id and the family is smooth up to t=0. Applying the same calculation to Ψ−1 gives a smooth inverse family near the zero section. These extensions agree on overlaps, since the positive-time formulas are intrinsic and equality extends to zero by continuity. Every Ψt fixes the zero section.

2.1F1L3L5A1step 1.1step 1.2construct

Shrink to a common open disc neighbourhood Ω′ on which these families are defined and Ψt(Ω′) lies in the domain of Φ2 for all 0≤t≤1. Such a neighbourhood exists locally over every point of S: the maps and inverse maps in step 1.2 are defined on open neighbourhoods of the zero section times the compact parameter interval, so finitely many parameter neighbourhoods give one local fibre-radius bound. Refine the resulting base cover and use [L5] to take a positive smooth radius below the local bounds, shrinking the original disc radii as well. For each positive t, Ψt is injective on its domain since it is a conjugate of a diffeomorphism; at t=0 it is the identity. Its smooth inverse in step 1.2 makes each restriction an open embedding. Put Φs=Φ2∘Ψ1−s on Ω′. Then Φ0=Φ1, Φ1=Φ2, and each Φs is a tubular neighbourhood embedding fixing S pointwise. The level-preserving track map is an open embedding: its slice differential is invertible, its time component is the identity, and the inverse is smooth by the inverse family.

3.1F1L2step 2.1construct

Let U=Φ1(Ω′)⊆N and define Js=Φs∘Φ1−1:U→N. This is a smooth isotopy of the ambient open set U with open track image, and J0 is the inclusion. For a compact A⊆S⊆U, apply [L2] to obtain a compactly supported ambient isotopy H agreeing with Js on a neighbourhood of A. Hence Hs∘Φ1=Φs near A in the normal bundle, and H1∘Φ1=Φ2 there. Since every Φs fixes the zero section, Hs fixes a neighbourhood of A in S pointwise.

4.1L2L4step 3.1construct∎

When S is compact, take A=S. Its zero-section track is S×I, which is compact; no compactness of the entire open tubular domain is needed. Every point of this compact track lies in any prescribed open neighbourhood W of Φ1(Ω)∪Φ2(Ω) times I. By [L4] choose the relatively compact cutoff for the open-track velocity construction of [L2] inside W×I. The resulting flow is supported in a compact subset of W and has the same agreement near all of S. This proves all conclusions with the stated normal-identification hypothesis.

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