How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Estimands on a statistical model
Definition
For a parametric model with parameter set , an estimand or parameter target is a specified function
where is a set of target values (Parametric statistical models). This definition imposes no measurable structure on or and does not require to determine the full parameter value.
Depends on
Used by
- A full-rank local Hessian does not capture both posterior modes Counterexample
- A Gaussian synthetic likelihood can change an exact posterior Counterexample
- A nonconstant summary can lose an identifiable parameter Counterexample
- A redundant Bernoulli parameterization has a nonidentifiable coordinate Counterexample
- An identifiable model can have persistent ABC summary distortion Counterexample
- Core IV conditions alone do not identify the population ATE Counterexample
- The observed first time and cause do not identify the latent joint failure-time law Counterexample
- Covariance and correlation principal component analysis Definition
- Density targets and the kernel density estimator Definition
- Estimator sequences in IID experiments Definition
- Finite populations and sampling designs Definition
- Generalized least-squares estimator for known covariance Definition
- Identifiability of an estimand Definition
- Linearly estimable contrasts in fixed-design regression Definition
- Scientific statistical model contracts Definition
- Statistics and estimators Definition
- Two-stage randomized design and strategy-specific effects Definition
- An unvalidated calibration offset leaves the true quantity unidentified Example
- Biological units, repeated visits, and technical assay replicates Example
- Death is not automatically a missing outcome Example
- Identifiable Bernoulli model and parameter target Example
- Positivity failure prevents standardization and IPW identification Example
- Positivity failure, near-positivity weights, and an MNAR sensitivity curve Example
- The Bernoulli sample mean Example
- The same Bernoulli law with two different targets Example
- The same observed law can have different intervention laws Example
- Sample-centered covariance is a measurable statistic and estimator Lemma
- The observed law need not identify the latent-error variance split Proposition
- A constant additive effect is identified by the Wald ratio Theorem
- A zero inclusion probability prevents total identification and universal unbiased estimation Theorem
- Backdoor adjustment identifies an interventional law Theorem
- Conditional-class standardization identifies a causal mean Theorem
- Consistency of the IID sample mean under a finite first moment Theorem
- Exact binary-outcome bounds under unrestricted missingness Theorem
- Front-door adjustment identifies an interventional mean Theorem
- Horvitz–Thompson exposure-specific mean is design-unbiased Theorem
- Identifiability is constancy on observational classes Theorem
- Inverse probability weighting identifies a causal mean Theorem
- Nonidentifiability precludes simultaneous consistency Theorem
- The Wald ratio identifies the complier average treatment effect Theorem
…and 1 more result.
Dependency tree · two levels
2 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Ryan Martin, Lecture Notes on Advanced Statistical Theory, §1.4.1, PDF pp. 22–23 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Peter Hoff, Statistical Decision Problems, pp. 1–2 (standard reference, not scraped)